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괩ŴһСѸϡ
ŬԾȣϽ硣
*******
ش壬˴󽫾ʯͷĳЩŮ޸һһܡ
˵ةҵǧС㶼Ҿܾ˵ǣ
ŮɫĴ󽫾ȴѸߣš
˶ݺֽʱսδѣΣʱ̴ɳϻأһѽ˻ڻȫ˶ţҵŮˣ˭Ҷԣ
С&ֱ󽫾
ָ
1.ܿգ𿼾档
2.ŮֻŮۣ硣
3.漰ʳƫҳߴϡ
4.Ů˫c,he
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Ǿķӡ
ǴţеɫŹŮϷ
޵ľ͸˵ˣʹѾͷŹ

˾ˣûˡ

Ǹһֽծ齫ԼѺүֽԼܣܣļһɲܻ
עܸԼϲ÷һ

Ϊĸ׺͵ܵܣҧ޹ȥֻԼѾˡ

޹ȥ֮Ϊ˲ù뾡취檡
һӣǶˣ˵Ҫү檣лΪ

Ůȥԡ

Ϣ˵үҲ

ȥĹŮǷ׷׳ӡ

үǣŴǣһڴǸ⣬ˡ
үȣǿȡᣬϲ롿
Ůտʼϲү롿
******
ƼѺ־Ƶ--С檡
ݱǩ Խʱ  ˬ
һ仰飺ʮ˰÷
⣺ϧǰˡ
1.     Ǯˤײ괩ĿŮ

ֵϱʯͷ巢һ¡
嶫ͷ½ҹѸ½ϣΪ˸òڴĶ½ȳϲȢ˴ͷʮŮ䣬ڰõ½Ȼûϲ御
ʱϲ±ɥ£
⻹ʲô
½ȵ½ںԺ͵鱻½ϴ켸ϱץš
ͬףըʯͷзڣָָ䡣
ռ޹ȥͿ๫常һף
ݣ
Խһûг˷׵飬峤Ķȥˣ½һ޶ϵ£ھʮ
ʱ̣
ǰûùǵһΣ
ڶʱ񼸺ȫڵĹº£Χ۰һγ
һµ䱻ĸ׳廨̧ϸӱһȦһȦţնˣȻľĶǣر۽ǿ룬ƽһ̬
Ｘ쵰һżҪһôõǳ̫źӲźá
Ůö񶾵Сͬʱ̵ߵŮǧѧϰ³
ڴＸߵͬ£һ£ִʹָ£䱻⿪ֽϥֽʵСȻϵʯͷ
ʱ쵽ˣ̧ͷܲգǰվǰ䣺㣬л˵
۵͸϶һȦһûվǰ½ϣЦ
׵ġδˮɤȻˡ
ĿһʲôҪ
½ڱţ峤㻹ʲôŮˣĿǣһᶼǻ
ʿĭ˵ҿɣ
üЩ̣̾ĸ׳ӻ֡
ĸ̧һһߣִʹʱѵˮһƣͨһ˲䱻ʯͷ׹ûˮС
ֻðһݣܿ͹ƽ񰲾ȴţЩСģˣҿ档
ӣת˵ˣȥɣҪΪ䣬úظɸѧϰ򡭡
û˵꣬ͻȻһ£ֱףŵ峤һ򣬲㷭ȥ
½Ͻź棬󺰣ϧ춼ȥˣͷ
˵ţָźУȻ渡ƬҲˡ
׷š
˿϶ˡ
ֻǣ˲Ƭû
ղųȥĵطʼðݣţһжˮ棬ŵдſͣ峤˺üֱӸվһ
Լͬ۾￴
Ƿ䣡
ŴʧɫҼתܡ
˼ͣ
ˮ棬ȼһ߲ˮ̧ͷգҪǸղűҲŮϡ
ǽغϵʱˣıϽϵš
ţ仰ִǹŴõġ
ǰȫˣһ߲ˮһ߿źߵĹŴȺŸǺá
ţ
ʼ
׶ûǹ
ôվˮȥ
үүˣ϶Ǳԩģ
һεߣϰɫȹ壬ѸתȺʼ·ͷϵˮ
ջͷһȺ¶صЦݣǿ죬˾һˡ
ô£
ЦŻͷš·ʵں䣬ٵȥˣҪǸðգ͸ˡ
峤һЦ˵峤ˣԩģ峤졣
Ŀɿڴҽӻ
ٸ˶һˮˣǲҿ
½׳ŵӺˣ׶㣡
Ŀ׼ɭɭһЦû£ȻСϣǾͲ֪ôˣ
½ŵͷƤ飬Ų֪ô죬ߵһºȥ
û˸ǰһ
ˡ
峤˵峤Щ£ΪʲôҪңΪ峤ӦñҲͲ°ҹ𣿡
峤ʮˣ黹ǵһμ
ָ㣬ˣ
ͷ˫ͬ˵Һ䣬뿾뻻·
ĲΥ⣬Ůܹǿа洦ãŪȫ˶ᵹù
Ǿ͸˲áԱһ˴ȥ١
ţɩӣȥƫסţ·ŪȲȷ
ţɩӴӦһȥˡ
֮׷·׵ĺߵӲмóһ׿ĵ׳ۡ
½ϲģںУ峤һۣʱ֨
ʯͷӽˮⶼܻ
Ҫ˵˭ţм٣
Ⱥ뿪½ϹһӻδᣬŮ˾ȵҲУΪȶᣡ
һת׼ȥҴճϣһԼ취
ϾŮ˷֮ͨ˵Ҳǲظ͸ó
ӣҲУ
ʯͷȶսҵ磬½յˣңպ½ࡣ
ֻҪ˵½ҳϣôܶԼܶࡣ
***
ţɩƫס£һɫȹӼаֳһůͶˡ
˿ڴϱ۾ԭĹԼһ֮Ŀˣ⸸ĸӵɽιǣұ˾£ò׳ʮ꣬ĸΪʮӽ޸֮˳ϲֱżݺ
ԽԽ̾Ϣ뵽Լʮ̯ʮ꿪󷹵꣬ǮԽ׬Խ࣬ÿǮʱģ˭֪غȥǮʱȴˤһӣһͷڲ輸ϣ²ʡȱ͵ҽԺʱ졣
ģһۣȻ
廹壬˱ԭļ⣬˼ʶԼġ
žͺã
ܴ϶עȥǲˣٱȥȻҪԭôԭԩѩͷԭĶˡ
˯һʱţɩ˵峤ټ˸ճϣƫ¡
ݣԭͷֳֺ͵ģΪʡ£Ū˸ͷ
ţɩҪͷۿʱ䲻峤͸λϵţҲ࣬û֨
ȥô
ƹһţһԺӣ˶ƫһȥͿ峤ߵλ׺үү
½Ҳڣվ峤ߵһ׺үү
ţɩӸ˸ӣ峤λϣҴˡ
ĵͷ֣ţɩұվ
ߵУѧţɩӵ΢΢˶ף峤ãλϺã
½ɣܾǰ˻͸ŹŹ֡
峤ɤӣ˵룬м飬ǵŸλ˵һ£½ɩӣǼͬСɣû飬Ҿá黹峤ȽϺã
һ㵣½ǰ½ۺ룬ΡΡ˵ֳ
ĵͷǣǰյֶţ˵⼸վͻᵽҹƾ죬ȥǵȽϺã
½ϼˣһزô죿ֻһգֻ»ǳǷǡ
˵ǰ½ϡ
½ۺ룬Ҫ˵ͻȻ˻ܽ峤򽫾ˣ




2.     򽫾ɿȻϡ

վ¶ϲ½бۿͺð죡

ӳſڿֻһĸߴüӴ粽ɫۣɫƱˡ
Ծ˼

۾ƣ½еɻɣôˣ
°ͳ˿Ҳ˺üۡ

λã常ãȭϥ
λǰһſڿ˺üۣ㸸أ

ѽ峤ûһ
ղŲ˵򽫾ˣأ

ѽô£ץĸڣʡ
򴽣һĨʹ˵ǰȥˡ常һţ˵Ÿ׵ŹǻˣԸںɽϡ

һ룬ŵȦϣͺ

ҵֳúõôˣһ̯иңûǺð

ͷǵһһС

λ¶ɫ̾

ʱſܽһװӣյ潫

̾Ȼֹ

ת˵

ǵĵѾ˴ӣڴɨְܻӽǲ

ͷȥſš

תͷͨ۾ǽ

ȥʥϷΪϽۼ常ͼҪ񣬸Ͻסǣضһٺø׵͹ˣոһ·˵ֹˣô£

ʱſѾվˣС

Ĺ˲ѹˣָ˵Ů

˳ָһģģŮӡ

ӭͷֱ۾ǡң

üͷƿߡ
Ľ˵ⲻҸո½ϣϣ˵£㸸׻ڴã㿴

Ȧֺˣͳָһǽ棬

ûӰָҲ常ͼλ£˶һۣ˵˵ɣ

Աߵ½͵ȵĲͷˣڿˣ̾˳һ򣬴Ž˵һ顣

ˣҪϹѸ˲Ҷӣ常ǧҲΪ

ˣ½أǰмһվֽգҾеǸˣңںˡ

۽ǿϣ۵һĨ꣬תͷģ常˵˵

ľͰǰϸ˵һ飡

Ĺ׼ģֻû˵ˣɳսü꣬ʲôûͲŹ֮˵

꣬룬ſں£

¾ǸղŽ㱨Ǹ
ܹԸ

ȥ½ȵ常½Լͬ½һ׽ĸ˴

ȥ

½һгģһۡ

ҲǱߣû۾½ϣ֮ǰһΪκ˵Ǳԩģ

Ϊ֮ǰĻ䣬̫ʹ࣬ΪԼ⣬һǵ׾֮ͻȻͨˣΪʲôҪװ׺ԩⲻƽ

䣬½Ϲõذ壬ŭɶ֪ܵļŮˣ½ֶ常ҪĶ

͵תͷ½˵ҹ常ֻ۾ˣιģôһģ㶼𣿡

½ϱĴӵָۣͨ졣

У뽫죬Ƕ˵ҿ½ȣ½ǰѾҸĸ̰ͼǼҵʮӣŰҼ޹½ȳϲúõģϲһ˵

纰ܱȥѸ½ȿ

֪ʱȡҪٺԼһΣͨı¶¡

Ŀǰ򽫾ɿȻȥеԼ

ˣĸλһ£һֽűڲ񷿵Ůӣν常һģ

࣬Щ̫۹Щüֱ

½ϻͷݺݵ֪߳ܵļŮˣ˵˿Ҹ㣬ѸȶóףҼҵˣҼҵĹ͸ҷŸɾ㣡

ٸǼҶˣ

ֱֱ˵滰ˣ㽫ұһ٣ֱ˹ڲ񷿣Ҿˣ常ﶼ֪ôġ

½ϰұ죡

½ϵĻţͬˡ

ݵŮˣôݺ

Ѿתͷ常һ㵶翴֣֮ǰûи˵Щҵʱˣͷʲô˵ֻ˵׵ģֻ

ķһ

ʱ½½Լ˴˽

½ͽһƣ㶣Ȼ̰첽߹һš

練Ӧ죬ȥһһ㣬²ȣһڵϡ

糯½׵

½ͳݣ򽫾˿ֶҴһӣûˣ֪߳ܵļˣ

ſڵأŵ׹˳˳ղˤòᣬϥǺʹ̾ˡ

컻·ʱͷ׹ӵҲⶫԭ壬ûӡ

ͷʱһ۾ͿǸ׹ɫ΢䣬

ָ˻ȥţá

ţɩԹãȰ̧첲Ӳᡣ

綢

ѵǵȵǸŮӤ




3.  ɱ   ԭʮ꣬عһ

죬ȥɽʱһҵŮӤʱŮӤɤӶˣһԼˮȵ춼˻û㱧شӣʣѰͷҡ

ջؼ䣬룬ܱڴʱ½ȿĺд

һɨڵϵ½ͣ½Լĸˣ߹ȥһǫ̬к

ûˣ½ֵܵһֱڵǰɣлҳ

Աߵ½ϼĲУȴҡ

¸ܱ˺üΧΧ˭ҲҶ˵

̾ǺӰҲǿǰһֱҩţܻϲ֮Ҳ컯Ϸˣ

½ЩЩ̱ڵأǧ㣬û뵽ʧϺϡ

½ͲͷһۣŬŬ졣

ź˵ڳ˵Сһֱš
΢΢ѹ۵׸һĨ塣

ĺЪϢ߻мһվλߵƲ󣬳½ϵ½ϣĶ¹𣿡

ĳƺѾˡ
һæ¡

½ϻ磬˵½ϣ㺢ӵΧھӶ֪οడ

½Ϲڵأ˵Ҳ밡Ҷ粻治ƫƫһ޹ҶˣⲻʲôҶӵͷϣ常أ

ͷ˵ҡ½ͣ㣬¹ҵģ

½һ򽫾ʣʱˣ½ʹɫ

½ϣҰֵ㣡һ

½һС˵ҵڼ˯ûˣȥлҪ˵

ԱЦ

ˣ˵䡣

ͷ

ʣֽűڲ񷿣ȥҵ㣿

½ͷϿʼðæ̧ͷģ˸簡Һ˾ƣӲˣȥ񷿸˵ģѵʱǸڲ񷿣ң˸֪ģ򽫾˵˵

ʱĻ

ֱʣ˵˾ƣӲѣղŻĵ˵¹ҵ㣬˵˽ȥ񷿣˭ȥ񷿣ٲ˵ʵź򣡡

ִ˾ڣ

ִ˾ѸٳУλ׳

½Ӷ˵˵ָ½ϣҴɩȥҵңȥ񷿸ϱɺ£˵͸һƻŮ棬ұ˵˵ȥˣҡ

ûõĶ½ҧгǲĶ峤ȥ״µʱǼѾ½й֮£÷ͲǸޣ

½һŪѾˣ½ϡ

绹û˵ľͳ˹һŰ½ߵڵأϹۣ޸

ס죡糯ʹɫѸٽȥá

ĸ˴ʱѾŰʣһһʮ˸ɾ

½˵ȥ񷿰Ѷϱ̧飬񷿷½ȵ常½ϵ·˫ֻţֻ⿪˽ϵӡ

ˣҪ˵ˣŭһִ˾

ִ˾ǰ֣뽫Ը

ִ˾ǵ϶ʱרְֻ峤Ҵˣִ˾ʯͷĴڣƫκˣֻ¡

½ϣ£ݺھ洦ãʮ壡

ִ˾ҪִУͻȻ뵽ʲôţһá

½ͺͼλ˵ĳͷ

½ͬʮ壬λʮ

ִ˾ִС

½ͱ׳ߣȥƫͷĺ춯أ죬Ĵ񶼱죬ۡ

λ˱˷

½ϻɫɷף߶飬䰡ŵķϣҸ˶ӶϣҰɣҸ򽫾飬òãԺһúùӣԲһ࣡

ҵĿҲеźʱͲףΨһĶӻˣѾˣκλĶͬ飬ͬ鲻

ǿ˶ӵķϣͲʮˣޱס½ϣţɩӵţұī

½ϿȥˣΡΡֶҪʲô

糤̾¹ܺߣ´һʼһıƣ½ϴһʼûȥӵ˭ǮȢһϱΪ˸ᣬ󲻹µ

½۾ϴĿ¶־壡ֱ㶶硣

½죬ҡͷĳ˴½ûŮ

ţɩӺܿѱīֽϰںã糯ȥɣȥд

ſڽ࣬ݣ飿
ôд

д飬ͲѾɷԺǹѸкܶ಻㣬һһϲеģûа취˼һ

ԭʮ꣬عһӣǰ׻ˣ

Ҫд

æվ첽ߣק½һȥ

վһ߿ţֻëպī֭ë´һ棬۽ǿҲɡ

ֽ뿿˶д֡

顣

磺




4.     д

Ȼдʽԣ粻ɷϵǣ־ǲ

ԼţɩӵУҲ˲׹дǲԵġ

ͷ˼һ£ٰдֽһţתͷţɩǸЦЦţֽ𣿡

ţɩЦЦתѸȥóһֽ̺á

ѧˣţɩСʣӣôд

ţɩһ죬ҡҡͷ

綢Żζ׹ҧҧ˵д

һϽǰվãٴȷһ¹˵дϰߣֽϽд֡

дϴ
Ƭ̣Ȼʵʷǣ

д⼸֣ھֽһ״ס



˵꣬½ϷһУ˵ǹǶҶӵϱ䣡ˣǶסˣھǸɾĶԶ㣡

վֱӣǰǽ䣬ĸҷǸŮĻ֣챻Ҿ;ҪԼҪ䣡

˵һϷŰ½ϣ½ҪǲģҲȥһ£Ϊ˲£ͬҲ㣡

½ɫ

ü΢

˵黹ǰǰдϰ־Ǹ֣ˣɷϲ

΢΢һЦ˵ģ

ͷżΪԱʴݷ򣬴ӽԺ½޹ϵ

ˢˢˢд£ּ

д䣬°½ϹӡԼ֤ӡݸıܡ

һ̿ʼˡ

ʯͷһݷŮˡ

½Ϻܿ챻ȥ췣ҽ˷

ºܱվſڴ۵Сۣ
սϵѪĽȻСŮд顣
⻭磬ôô֣

ûüԣ˾ͱȥ

¹ȥ½ϼʰȻͻȥ

ɫϲá

˭֪˵̷꣬ˣҲңɷסһһһ뿪ӣԼ

ڳ˳Լɫ졣

ţɩСȰ¹һң뿪Ҫȥ

˫һ˻ϣֻҪ˫ֿͶȻпڷԣ

üģԸȻˣǾ¹סһţǾ鷳ȥһ½ϼҡ

Ը֮ĳȥԴ˵ףôҶɢˡ

ܱߣþСȥͷҵ

ܱתȥ죬粽Լȥ

ʯͷʵݣССȫʯͷɣͬΣߵͬӵ߸ǣмһڴڻۡմмգԼմߣ½ڶߡ
þڵĵףҾһңӾ͵ˡ

Ժӣǰտյģվʿ

һ·ȥⱻʰĸɸɾʿһվֱʺá

翴Դӣü

˵꣬룬ǶĴԺ

ɣһȥúԺӪϳԺÿվǰߵͷʿԸֶ꣬ұߵͷ˵һ켸ֵȥɽӪʮӪûҵķԸ

ʿ

Ժֻĸչӵ̴ӣֱ壬ֵǸճţȥƫһֻѩ׵Ĳ˹èǰС׽㣬Ҹȥſš

ӹڻС̧ͷִԲ۾΢΢ţƵһ̤̤ʵʵһſ

˳һѣ۽ѵ¶һĨɫ
ĵǹɷҲɢ١

Ҫȥƫշ̧ͷסǡ

ϳʲô

һ£ײʲô⣿

﷦ζӻ֣ȥɡ
ͷߣè

***

࣬·ʰһСţɩӺܱߡ·ţɩȰ¹ǲҪ뿪Ϊã

Ϊʲô

⼸겻̫ƽǰǸֹÿһʮھʮｻ紦óףһ飬о͹رˣڴѾܾûˡ

ʶԼˣţɩӲ˵£ת˵֮¹Ǵͷɣ

ȴЩƣ˵ڴźܾûˣոջ򽫾ôģѲɻбڣ

ܱǰŻѴ·һĻ˵ͷ

ãţɩҪȥƫԺСԣи˴ҴţɩӣţɩӰҲŻˣ㣡

ţɩһͼˣҪȥȻţɩסԵĶԸһ£Ȼȥ

̬ȺܼҲü֣ӦҪģԼȫû⡣

ţɩӸǸ˸ճȥͻȻʴʯˣϽ׷ȥҪղǸ˵˵㣬ɩҲǸĺõģ˷һ֣Ժ˿ҪߣҾһճƭߡ

ɤۣţɩ˵¹ҲǸģ˭ǸŮأ߰ɣ

ӣԼѾǴ˼ɻˣţɩ˲ǲ鷳ˡ

𣬻ȥĥĥ

ص͵ƵҴʯǱĶ֪ʱʲôġ

Ѿˣ̾ȴ͵ƴһͻȻʧЦ

Լһ𣬲ˣȾ͵շʱˡ

˻𣬿ʼǽľϵʯ̳ӣҵۣͻȻһŲкܶ˳ˡ

ͻȻ

ֳ︡ӾбòҶӳ龰




5.     Щʿƽͳֱϡ

мֿ

ϴ磬һǼȥӡ

Сӣһֵæһˣ죬Ѳ̧Ǳȥ

վֱӣľſߣԼģǡ

ʱűƿӿһѾװ磬嵶ˡ

ӿôС𡭡

˵ȻֹȽļֱǵǶ

˼ǰ˲Ҳں̽ͷôˣรŮˣ

ͷҿе㲻ŵСԱߵİˣСӣȷúԺ

СӵҲɻ󲻶ûѽϴ磬⡭

Ͻ˵λ磬ǣȷʵãʱסģ£⣡

СͷٺһЦԱߵϴײһ£ЦС˼ңǴôԸǵģ

˵תͷ֣˼дţ

µˣЩӦǸ򽫾ı

æЦ˵Ųţ׼ǣ

˵꣬СЦ˵̫ˣҲ׼ġ

·ͬˣһɣһղˣҲջҪҸʲô

ĵͦ࣡ͻȻһ˵

óһ׷׽н

߽ͷϴ˵ɣղǸǣʱסһµֵܣΣ

æ֣ף

罻꣬ȥ㣬طȥ

ܸлڱɫסˣֶĹУͺܲá

תͻˡ

һֱߵĶһСʱСӵˣӷУ۰Ͱ͵ԼԷҵҲԼ

˺һᣬֱǱ߶СһˣʱٲȥҪˡ

±ȥŰ뿪ţŵ̸ţ˹ι

ʿˮֱӿȥĸ˰˫۾볯

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һڶûʣЩ˽ǣ

Ѿšüֱ߽ܲ⣬ԴطܹʲôһңҪ֣𣿡

Ǹ׹棬ʱΪֹе㻳ɡ
ͲӦðСʱǼϣкܴԭ

ղŴܿŮ֮һ㲻ϣ

ҪȥȴͷӣϥǣС

ĸ˶ʱɵۡ

ʱǳѹһӻİͿ־һޱŴ

ίˣ̫ˣ

Сӷ¹ˢӣܹȥʲô

ȴӭĺ

ʱˣ棬͵վԷΪʲôң

磺

ǰ߼ֻһ֮ңһŭҸղűԼԣıˣŸһæϻط䣬Ϊǰѷ˻һԣûңһڷûʣҶҪˣ

˼¹ŮܲףԶ㣡

仰ͻȻ׷ȥҪţɩӴʯʱǸ˵Ļ

ھ˼֮

Ĵ󽫾ԼԶ㣡

ſڽ࣬оǸڶûȥתͷһ۹ϴˮŶӣת˷䡣

ִȢ˺裬ûôĹʮʱûڼȥĸһǮȥסҲûôĹҽԺ֪Լ˵ʱҲûôĹ

ȴ

綢ıӰЩεĿһۣЩӲضԱߵС˵ŪԵġ

˵ʶ̧֣Ǽ⣬һȥˡ

ɸϽȥˣǡ

Ѿڰֳȥˡ

ɻعͷСӶһۣЦȷϽȷʵˣŴȤû˽ѵû뵽챻Сѵˣ

СͻȻɫһ䣬ż˵˵᲻ǡһڵơ

ɵһۣ׳׳˵Ϲ˵˵𣡿ϽСԵģ

˵ɳȥʱ򣬺

СӸײ˷ڴ

ӳֱϴɽӣһᣬֶŵһʰԼŪԣȴͿ˯ˡ

ֱ˺ͻȻѡ

Ҹ˱ԣСӽ˺üûӦΪߴԺˣ׼ߣǰķƿˡ

ӹӣűЦ˻ллллǸˣ

СȺģû˿ˣ͸űͱ䣬̫ˡ

ڰ֣ел˳ֵ飬ȳԵȵˮպϴպϣ˺óԵһŽ㣡

˵ˡ

ӻصȲһҧһڡ

ǻĻϲʱΪС

Ҳб

Ӳ滹û͡

ȥϽ˼ˮһЩǿһһˮױˡ

Щʿƽͳֱ϶Ҳԣ뵽ˡ

ͬʱ̲סͬСôõˣôôѳԣ


ڶһ磬ȥ˳ŸȥСһУ˵£ʦ

ȥֳﾲĵģӰûУȴϿһӱмʮ

Եıһ

Ժɵĺ߹ڲ

ȥǰҵˮľ񣬰ѿŲŲһϴɾӣϵΧȹȥ档

׼ڵ棬Լͺã뵽СӣǶۣˮһÿˮŽ裬һˮ裬ൽһ𣬴档

ְһŰײˣһѷ˰ײˣʼСڵʱһ͡

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ȥܱѾڵˡ

Σ

ܱһһʮ߷òʣ¹ĸĸΪŮһͲ㱻¹Ĵÿĸι̣û뵽ңֱ͵͵ӵɽϣ˵˼ˣָ˻鵱ʱ˴˵ĸףѵ⣬ǿ

һɻ׷ʣʲô

ܱҲһɻ󣬡¹Χھӷӳ¹СʱûϹѧá

磺
λд֣ѲɣŮ?1?7




6.     ʳЩС

Լӿ϶ˣ

ΪʲôҪŮŹ֮˵

϶ܱʱ©ʲô⡣

ձۻȥԺ޵滨ӣܱȥЪϢ

һ磬·¸ܱȥôȥ⡣

·񣬶еĸкرҵһȰİϣһС簡֪ǺģǿŮӣԶ㣬Ǵôû飬׶ˣ갡˵ֶŮŮҼңˣҲúúðɸңи֪֪ȵź㡭

һڴɼҵ飬ʱǣԺ˵ɡ

ıӰ˺þãԽԽÿǶЦ

òţںӣСһ֪ʲôô㣡

ܱҲʿˮҪܸСѧѧͺˡ

Ҳɻ̧һſȥ

ֵڳԺǽţһñһֶϡԵ

˶￴СӣһҲ

˲ϻشɵ˵ʺתͷȥƫԺһȥͿСվǽǣСű̻ʣһ߳һ߷ͷﶼǳԡ

һۿԺſڵĽ¾סˡ

ԺţСסˣˮֵܰٺóҲԣСҭţ⼸㣡

СɫŰˣҵͷҲҡͷһĿ͵תĿԡ

С̰һŻܵǰֱӹ£ıսսСĴˣͷ

ⱻһĻŵˣҪ֪ɲݵӾ磬ǰˣĽĻɱˣ

һʱܺΪ

綢ŸڵصСӣɣ²Ϊ

С⣬ͷллˡˡСðλ¹һɷѧϰһ˺ֵǸƻʳ

˵Ų𣬵Ƚ𸴡

һˣ

֮ԱǣĿ̱

СһԭڱȵƵı㣬ȥȷʵĺÿղŵζǴ﷢ġ

¸ܱʿˮǸе죬ȻҲʿˮ

ӹǰǰһݣˣ㣬Բ𣬸鷳ˣھȥð塣

ȳ˵ﲻǾô֮أ㵽˵ֹ϶Ҳа취ġ

糯µͷǰӹӡ

ߣ

²ҵ飬ϽȥðºܱԶԶ˺棬˶ڱʿˮ

ֱ̡ͬ

˺һᣬ˷·߲ԣ׳ŵ磬ˣ·ߣ

˴ǾͲڼңǵ·Ҳ

˭֪ͣתһۣ֪Լʧˣѹû¹塣

һ·˼Լָָ㣬ЫԸ͸ǿˡ

һⲻǳ·̾żˣˣҪȥ

²ͣؼң

ԭļֳ֮ǰڼιţֵؿ񣬾Ҫĸܵ۸

ȥ

ˣѾǼ޳ŵŮڳ˹Ѹ˷ѾûйϵˣҿѡԼȥͲͽˡ

˵ͷߡ

û뵽תסˣߵߣıӰִһڱҪҧ۾Ƴ˫۰Ͱ͵ߣ̲סƲƲǡ

Ҳ԰ɣ

˵ҧһڣζûݣԽԽ㣬⴫ȫЩĸһͻȻһɨ⡣

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СһʣǸųˣܰ׳ԣ

˵꿴һȥķȻƻߣ¸ܱ붮Цű֤

˷ģһף

籧ۣűԣıӰ

ߵ죡

ºܱ׷ҸҶ˵˲ңǽΪʲôҪǿѣ

ЦȰǽ˵ˣˣ˵ȥǵ̻ˣǣ̲

ɻܱҲͷͣѽѽ¹˵ʵ˵һң׳СӶܳţҪǲžȥʽ

һϿң￪ʼģĿǰӵ֪ģǣһжδ֪ġ

һͷﻹһСʣڱԶĳҲڳԡ

ȻԺУǾ°ɡ

ʳЩˣ

ϻ鲻ԸģҪǽڿô죿

¸ܱҲ֪ô죡

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ͷãǾ˵ˣӽ쿪ʼҽһסƫ𣿡

ţҡҡͷף¹һңúһˣסҼҺԺݽסһгҿʱ飬Էڳʳﶯֽš

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򽫾ȥһ˲ţ൱ţһˡ

˵࣡

˵תͷݺݵ¸ܱһۣȥż

һ·ȥĴ񶼶ƣſڣſڵ˵ʱ䣬˵Ȳڡ

˵ͷĿϣ֪ΪʲôҪһ콫ʵĿɨºܱɫԾ

·һ㣡

ǽȥС˵Ůǲǽˣ

һɫҡҡͷةǧ𽫾ϣҿ

ͷȻһԾ·Ů飬˵嶫ͷһ˵ĶӱǸŮˣŮĳʱˮףûˣòᣬɣ

ͷҿ˳ɾǣ

һɫֲýغţ

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һа׵ºܱͺȣ

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ͷ϶ʲôΥ飬ѽûٸ£


˼룬ղŶúõİʲôʱΥˣ




7.     СŮԡ

¸ܱһǰͱǣǻ¹˵ʲô

һҲûڣ˵˸ɾĩ˵ϥ˵ˣ¸⼸꣬û˺úóԹһٷ¹ȻⱾ죬̽ǵˣڸ飬Ը겻ٺ͵¶Դ˵һƬ⣡

ܱҲϥأҲԸ겻ٺ

ҡͷʧЦɣٺǵļ˺簡εˣ´β˵ŮҪ˲ã

Ȼ¹ǸղΪʲôͬסأ

̷񶨣ףµ˽Ӫʱ䲻ãв֮ˣ

Ǵ˿ȫ¸ܱһһ뵽ԸԺܳϺóԵķˣǶЦ

˵꣬¸ֱܱɺܰӪƻʳȻǺ£

ķСһŴһһӺ⣬ûжˣҲûпռˡ
⣬طʱԼġ

ʰðȥתƣСһſЦŰţڴ׺ͼڴۣŵϹϰײ˶ཷܲ٣

Ժǽǣ´һѣһֻûС

ˣͷʣʲôҺ

˵꣬ͱ߽ˣ¹źģһ£¹︺ǲ

еҲסΪԼˣֲҷЦӵͷ񽫾Ը

ߺһˣȫտʼôˣСǽˣ

ҡҡͷֻһ£İɣġ

ȫţ´
ϸӣϰ׾ü۽ǻп룬촽Բ
ɰлһ̬ôΧŹ̨תˡ
Ҫ˵ǽźˣҲʣ

һ죬˼ͷ˵¹Լȥȥ

һߣ⿴ˣҲۿſ쵽ˣѰ˼ʲôԡ

̫ˮˡ

ϧûмȻŪ²˼ھͲҪ͸ˡ

⣿һֱӳųǰȥоͼվԱ˵һȥǾͲ˵ˣ֣߹ȥͿˣҸǸһ»ʳ𣿡

ת
Ѱͥڲܳһ⣬е˼ҳ궼ǣôһҪ⡣

ѵǴ
룬ָӰתͷһȻǰɣ

ʿĭͷ۾ﶼǣԣǸƻʳ

ʱڣ̰ͼܣⷿʲôˣͿʲô˵ͷ

ܵһɺϢǴɢġ

ʶ˺󼸲̾תȥԺû

ˣ˵ûС˵

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СŮԵİɡ

ðűѵķ˵ˣҿŮ̫棬硭

Ϲ֣

ɫһ䣬СĲң

ȥɣ

СȥԺ˶һۣϽȥ˺Ժ

򴽣ϣľǶԵģ漴ͻˣҲ͸һʱ䣬ʱұǡ

Ժſڣ˵İɣ˵Խ塣

˵ֻ꣬һƺЩҧߣ˽Ц˵ãЩȥӱƤϴɾ

ӹ治ʮʧЦ¹ǳ

ͷ

ɻ¹οⶫ

óԵģˡ֣ȥȥ˶˵ǸҴ֡

Ĳ鲻Ըʮӱߣһ÷ıʯƬƤ²ۡ

Ƥùΰ¹Ϲ֣ҡͷ

ѧյýģ޲Ӻ

˽ŵʱ򻹱٩䡣

˺Ժǰгϸ˿չ¶һ𵶿ʼƬ˿һû꣬ͱͣˡ

һϸ˿˵̫ˣɣ

һ⻹֣

˵ùĵùһͷûͣͿʼƬˣԱߵͷȥ

ԡ㿴

տʼ̧ͷ˵ûע£һҲͷȥ

ֻ¹Ŀ಻ֶȥֻ΢յͷȥѾ̧֣õƽ˲䣬ղŻһ뿪

˵һսȥֻÿһƬֽţˡ

𿪣һְƬϣֳֵ·ɣͬӰ

ֱӿˡ

ʱ䣬ϸĲϸ˿һ

壺

ղŷʲô




8.     ǾԲϲ˵ġ

緹ãͷǰü䶼ϲɫˣòˣ

ëʣڵͼϹͷûأϡ

̣֣̲סߵˣⷹҪȳԣҸ˴׺ԵʱһҪЩ

תӣһ룬βһ

࣬ЩԲƺģõʲô

ˣ쳢ܺóԵģ

ɫһȥ¹

ȰϽСȥԺ

ߵǰӼһԲ񣬴սǼţɫ˵ΪڱôھΪԲ

ţѾǰϹϾˣкηԸ

˵¹

һ಻õķͷԡ

شɴ࣬סÿ۾ûһ˿

ֻһʱ䣬죬ͺúýǣһºȻ㣬˵ĻûС

ԼߣĲҪôʴˣⷹɳ

վ˶ϵΧȹϸȫճظ߸ͦ𣬺ȣһģȴֱ̬ڸԻ

һˡ

ˣģԼҪģҪһ㣬Ȼˣϣ㲻Ҫķָֻţûгһھ½ۣ̫磡

ҲǸˡ

ȭͷӻ֣ȥɣ

ѸתһƵ뿪

Ӱʧ̾۾Ϣ

ʮˣΪײȥͲսƴȫΪǸŮˡ

һֱڣﶼкޡ

ºܱ⣬ղһͨԻȥˣ˶һۣԼҽ

ɣ洫

˽ȥ¹֣ˣû°ɣ

ڰ֣û£ǿȥ÷

˵˵ʹף£Բҧȥ

ζأеζ˵񣬿ȫĸоǺн̵ʣϱζŨʱղŵʹ׽裬ζˣ

Աûˣһһڣ֭ȵøɸɾȫȺģоÿë׶򿪣泩ޱȣ

Լˣ

***

صԺģˣ粻

ԱߴڳԷ˱Ƶһһ룬¹̫ˣȻܱôóԣ

жóԣ¸ܱ˽˳һǣǸҪ ҿܲ

һϿҵǽпԣ˵ʱ򲻺¹ﲻҪȥ

ˣ粻Եˣô˰

ڰ֣ҲϵģҲֻһ£ǿȥԷɣ

Ա˵Ҳ½϶ǵЩֵܣ˵Щ꣬ǸŽлƻʳȻˣǿĶҲġ

һһ潫⣬׷ˡ

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ƣΪʲôǲһԷԳȥŰ

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ܿ챻廻տʼҲɻһ£ڳ˼֮лԵģʽ

Ҳóԡ

ãҲʵǵն֣һҲ̫Եˣ

¹ЦܱƳһſڣѹ˵Щֶǽģһ˳ڣֽʡʱ䡣

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Ц뵽ӡ

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֮һ仰Ҫر֣ҪŮ֮Խ

ɵңһʱȤ

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˧ôһľͷ׮ӡ

治˻йϲ

ǾԲϲ˵ģ

˼űϡСˣ嵭θ˷ɢԴȣ㡣

㲻һԷ죬ֻҪܳ¹ķǲ˵ˣ¹ϾǸŮӣԺչҪˣ϶Ϊڿǡ

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ӳ׼ط˯վںԺſڽ¹һ£

ôˣ𣿡

ǽ¡ߣǸ粻ѲҪѵԼ

ѵҪǮ뿪

ܣ

ǰ米վڴǰգԱ߷һľӡ

ľӵĵһӦǣѲҪԼӴСԼţǿԷŵ¡

̲ס

һֱûлͷվţı飬ֻ˵¹ᣬĳԣֻèȥԺ֮Զˣ



ʾã

ֱֱľӣղûע⣬ûпɶϸȥȷʵһֻѩ׵èԲĴ۾ơ

һҪ˵תֱֱһϵȥϢɣ°ȥСס

ֻè˵С׵ʱࡣ

Ȼϲè

ͫȲѡ

˵꣬¹ľӣ¹߰ɣ

һ£ͷϡ

ʵһèҲϲèֻɰèߣҲܽơ

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9.  è   ָˣҪС

°ľᵽſڣڵ˵¹ҾͷӲأķҲȥԼȥ

˵߳Ժ˳š

ľݣͦġ

ղŻСףʱվȥиͣ

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Сһ㶼ϣССӴϱĵϣٱĵ̨ϡ

׷ۣҲ۵ùǺڴ˲ЪϢ

Сףǲ˵ģһ㣬ȥˣӲϣҾͲˣ

С׾Ӹ¶ƺǶȣҿɴſţβҡҡȥ¡

ڱˣ

Ƭ˯ˣﶼ׷è

ʱѾ˻Ӧ

쳣´ʱ򿴵ſڵľӣͻȻСס

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ŴúõģСײˣ

ʱˣٴ·ͷͷϴóţ΢Ķȥˮвˡ

һ£˵¹˯ÿɺã

Ĵʵûп˵è

˶ʱӦСײˣ

ͷصɫＱˡ

һԺǽ䶼ûзŹûУһɥ¹סˣȥ潫ɣ

ͷǰ£Ժè¹ĺˣǲǡԥһ˵ǲǴСˣ

۾ɵԲﶢסϽ壬¹ﲻˣϹ˵²˳٣ǸϽȥǰԺа취ġ

ȥǰһװ꽣ɫ΢죬ͷϸ˴æѽʵ𣿡

ǰһˣСײˣ㿴ûл㣿

ˣ

۵һĨɣ漴粽ԺȥĴ˵ǶҹˣûУʱŴصĺúõģܳȥġ

ĬŽ˯ӣһȦָŲһС˵СǴܵģȥǰһȥСס

ڳһֱԷʱ䣬ǴﵣСױϾǳèҪ汻ץȥǺá

һֱĬţ극Ǽҡ

극ߣסȥ

ûзȥʰñ㱧ľ裬컻·ȥſϴ

յſڣһʮͷĸſڴ̽һʮ߰Ůӣ毺ãŽΪ޵ȹӣһ˷ܡ

ȥСˣſڡ

˿߳һ⣬Ůӵʱˡ

䣡ô

ʶԼ

Ȼԭļ䣬ǼƺûйŮļ䣬Ǹ긾ˣһ㡣

峤ֵĸϣŮӸмϵŮѾޣûв´ĻŮӦֶŮŮ

뵽ŮʯͷһŮԭǰݵʱûٱŮĻ䡣

ľ̨ףֱŮ⣬Ӧȥʽ

ŮһקקŮԶ㣬ǲˣٸϻǽȥ硣

ƳһֱۣǰߣŮ˵裬˵ΪʲôҪסңǵ𣿡

Ϸǳƶģ϶ǵ㣬СʱںӱϺˣȥɣһῴɫ£

ǣԭǣˣʱָˣҪϱʲô

ʱеڳˣղžӦҸڽȥһˣôҲã

ߵԺ̨ף°·óʪˮʯϣóľ鳿ʼҡ

£ȻЦ̧ͷȥԼʮ׶ԶҲϴ·ЦǴǱߴġ

ԸоЦľԼ

⼸˶ձ˵ӣʶֻе졣

жһ΢ֵĸ˶Ǽ˵Ȼҳϴ·ǲҪ

ǣҪҾˣȥʯĥײˡ

½Ϻ½Ҳǵùû£²ˡ

ظŮ˰Ͳϣ

⺢ӣǴõжɲܱӰˣ

˰̸ۣû

տʼҲǣȫ˵۵㣬ﶼᱻ˵˵˵ɣһʱ϶͹ȥˡ

˵ԽԽ֣Ǹ˶̡

İʯͷһңվҪۣһˮͷͷ¡




10.     תϣһۻڡ

Сѵһܹ壬¹ȥ˵ӽ쿪ʼ¹ѧϰʱ˻ˡ

Ǹڱζ̫ˣζԡ

¹ѧ

ſڣӱиܳĹŰ׷һľĸˡ

һ׷һвˮң

С죬ϸһһ

¹

Ǹ׷ĸ鼱֮ӱ£ûȣһ˵ˮߣȻûͣסһ˽ϥĺ

Ա߼˸Ͻȥ˾¹

ɵĺ£СҪǵ˺⡣

⼸˷׷׸ͣվѰһӣļˣͻ

СӸϽǱܣ¹Կ
ۿ¾Ű鳵ǣ׺죺ҸʲôˣԼȥģʲô飬ƨ£Լ鲻úòģ۸ң

˵ŻϽһһҳֱðﻹֵģ

鼱֮£ʶ̧ţҿȥˣϱ£˱һţĲȣһᣬ̨Ҳ˽
ˮһ

˰ѽŽסˣĿɿڴ˵

СҲסˣû뵽¹Ǹģ˶࣬ĸһ֣

Īе񫣡

ǷһˣβǼƽϣ㲻ңҲ㣬ǷңҾǵ⣬ҲҪһƤ

ЩƴƦåֻʶƳԸƽСģһ۵ͷϣҧȥҧһڡ

˵ĨĨͷϵˮʵ̫ˣ˲ڸų·̨ס

ǵĺ˼Ҵų

¹ԱߴһһתͷСӡ

ļ˴ųСӺιȥ򽫾

ڳʲôſڣһۿһǱ

üͷһ壬ﷳ겻ѣôǸйأ

ֵ˺򽫾λ㼸Ƶȥˣ

촽͵תͷ磬ûпԼǾֱ߹վԺϣϽмվںı

˼ˣʱ˳ˣһһ˵ĲǣԱߵھӶڰǻ

Сվһߣ֣һ仰Ҳҿԡ

ԽԽͷۣתѵŸʲôȥ

ſڣԼ⣬ûأпɫĿڶµ

ʲôã˶ԼԼΪ֮ˣԼſڶǴġ

һ̣ͻȻˣΪʲôԭ֪Լݺһ̴ֱ֮ǰΪԼ⣬һ

Ϊ֪ûںֻ࣬Ϊ๫ָ๫常һ

Щʵһţʹ򱶣

Ƥ۽ǻ䣬һƬΪԭΪԼ

˫̨ף˵ע¼ںӱߣ·

綢ͻȻͷڵˮϵ·Ҳȫʪ͸ˡ

ղ۽ǵᣬȷˮλǡ

ߣȥϴ·ҪֹˣЩֵھӶøȥ

˶ȥˣʼû̧ͷ·ˮٴˮ÷Žľ

һֱվע˲䣬۾

ûһֱۣԽš

СӼûˣŴŵӿڣˣ¹ղϴ·Ǽ£ˮŷ

û˵꣬Ѿתȥˡ

ԺӵʱѾ˻ȥǰʱֶŮźȲ裬վĿбӣֱԺȥ˵ĵЦ

Ů˵裬һܸܲ˵˵չ



һӴңڰ׵ߵ磬ִ

·ӳŲһۣ̰ѲԺеʯϣܹСе¹ȥ·ҸȲ裬ȵůůӡ

һůֿʼᣬ۾ֺˣҪ˵ŲѾ˺Ժ

תͷ۾ģèһᾡҵ

˵ʯϵĲԼķ䡣

綯˶촽ΪԼģ

ֽһ𣬱ϵС簡ãŮðѱɹɹ

ӷ꣬˵ã첽ǰȥԷǰࡣ

ûŮŵϽܼȥŮӶָ˵磬иèҪҧң

ԣԷֻСĴϴϳĲˣ죬Ӱ׺Ķӳϣ۾

۾̾Ŷͷ⺰ˣ

СѸܹԸ

Ϳͣ

ָŴϵС׽͵СССС

תȥ

СӸϽȥ˵ͽϺŮ͡

ϻǱ߽УС簡Ҫ£

תϣһۻȵСףЦһ

뾲




11.  ·   ˵һ¾

ѵʪ·ɵϣ˺һӡ

תǧأǰԼнţﶼȥǾղŵ飬Ƿ֣Ҫʱȥȷһ׵顣

ŮҪǱ۵㣬Щ˸Ӵŵ˶㣬رͬΪŮ˵ǣһҪ壬Լҵ¶ûôġ

ģӸʵ뵽ղĳ㣬һ¾ҪϽ̻Ǽ򵥵ķǮˡ

ţԺŲ˵ӣţ漴𣺡¹û°ɣ㡣

ۣһſ˵ллǽĺ⣡

˳˵ˣ˻Ҹ㣬Сҵˣ㲻Ҫģ㣬ҪҪٸ

һϲСҵˣ̫ˣ

ҵģʶʵ

˭ôģܰǸҵ

ڴ˵Ĵϣ

ǴˣҲϲèҪˣҪٶҿɵ𣡡

ʹèûлһʱԼңԵĻԼ

һ
˭

Ƕˣͣеͷۣȱңеͷۣ˯һᣬ

һͷֿۣʼСӵ졣

¹ǲǸղŴͷˣҪҪҿǴü£ͷϺ񶼰ˣҪȥоҽơ

̫ˣһȺ磬Ц˫ͷģҾðɣ˯һᣬһͺã

ڱˣſţ˶ںԺӪĻͷҲˡ

˯һᣬϸоöˣûκθðļ󣬿ԭôҲȫǻ£岻ǽε֣ͦͿġ

˳ְİùʱɵˣº⣬ûб·ˡ

һֻ·һϴˣղŻҲʪˣû

ô죿

úˣܴܲʪ·ɣȥҧſں

һڵϱȻΣ̷Ĺӣſܡ

¹ôˣ

ԥ˼룬ܲܰһæ

Ͳãеʲôæ˵

ҵ·ʪˣ㣬ܲܰһǵ·ȴų

˵ˡ

ȷʵһε顣

Ҳˣ¹·ʪˣæҼ·һֲڵĴˣ·ôԸôõĹﴩأ붼Ļš

æͷĺûشԱߵֵܿģΧôˣǲ¹ʲôˡ

ˣͨ죡

Ժʱ򿴵Ǽ˾ſڣʱؿһվס

һ̧մˮһСܹ

ˣ

Ǳӣֿſڣôô죿¹ˣ

ҡҡͷֵͷ

üͷôˣ

ºһᣬˡ

ֱۣһ£˵

ſڣֻˣ¹·ʪˣҪҼҵ·

·ۣ¹˵ģ

һ£Ӻףеԥ˵ġ

һһ¹ϾŮӣΪҪô㴩˵·ǲϹصģҪҲǴŮ·

ͷ

˵ɣȥһŮ·

ͷʵˣȥң

ĵ·ҵǿ£ֻһʱҲãұ˽衭ƺûкʵ˼ҡ

Ƭ̣ɣ

˵תǰȥ첽ں棬ǰոŽ˽ķ䣬ſͣˣ

ûֱͣȥߴ򿪹ӣ淭˷óĲɫ·תȥ¹ﴩ

ɻ

粹·µģûдûϵ͵ģԺ·ˣỵ

ŵͷЦתҪߣס˵·˵͵ġ

һ£ŵͷȥԺ·

ɶȥˣ·Ц˵һߣһ񣬳Ĭ

ߵſڣС˵¹·ˣ

ſһ϶һֻԴֲڵԼһطɫµĸۣϽ·ȥһץ˽ȥ

ллֵܣĵлŴˡ

ͨͨġ

ɿϽ·ϣʱɵˡ

ֳֿ

·ҲǿӴֻһ߶Ҳ֣·Լպܴ·һ߶·°Ѿϵˣһװ˲ܴ

·Ҳ̫ˣѵΪҪӣ

·һֵζƺ˵Ϣͦŵġ

ɾģȻÿΧŹ̨תû뵽ôɾ·ҲûκζȻ·£ǿ϶·һģԲմȾζ

ϵӣ̲סЦ°߳

뿴죬˼룬һ𱬳Ц

Ц߹ȥһ£ʵ·̫ˣû

Ц׷תͷ˵·͸ˣԼһЩ

Ͻҡͷңҵ·͸ˣϧ

ЦŴȤ¹·ٵģ·㻹Ҳû͸Űɣʱ򴩣

˵ۣ˵ǲǰ

壬ҿæܣʱˣȥˮ

֮󼪡

Ҳ֣رºܱƵģæк˺СȥϱȻ

ߣԺʯϣ°ǰץһ𣬰С

¾Ͳϵˡ

Ūã˺ԺԼϵ뷨̵ͷȥ

˵һ¾ܶ㿪Ͷ㿪

ס



Ҫ˵ʲô




12.     ²ǱԼǡ

Լְ֮кһ˿߹ȥվԱߡ

е㲻ڣ͵͵һԼҵĽʶŲŲ

翴֮Сһɫżˡ

ȿڣˣкηԸ

ϣһɫ۱ĺ֣˶ȥɫȫгˡ

սȭͷҲ֪ˣʲôѽ¹ȻϴˢԩǱϾǸЩѲ˸ϵӦ²źá

һۣŤͷǽһֻϲȵߴߴĽиͣ

ϲȵж˵

ǼԺһҪע⣬˸ѧϰ֮⣬ͲҪرǽ·飬ҪеڶΣ

ˣ̵ˣ

粻ֱһͳ⽨ֱС

Ļ

£һԹȥǱҼ֣ȥɽŲʯһЩʯͷǽһжΪ¹￼ǣ

ֱȻţĿɿڴҿǽһݣһʮƽԺӣԼ

²ǱԼǻΪΣ

÷ˣɣһ¾ˡ

֮ǶеɥȻ֪ŮбӦø¹ﱣ־룬ദ¹ԼһͿʣһ㶼ĹǰŤ񻰱д߽Ůӡ

ⷢȴʵʵڵģֻҪΪ¹ã˵ʲôʲô

ܳ¹ķͺܺˣ

뿪¸ܱȥǰСӻںԺŵ

˸տʼţСӵ£Ħȭơ

죬Ҳ˽һЩо̣󲿷ʱ䶼ǳԸֻҪлͼһȺӪסģлú

һЩʳ

棬ͺãֱʵգ죬ǿԶߦ̫ɹɣñ棬Ҳ׻Եʱֱó¹Ϳԡ

һһ棬һſ׼õľߦ棬Ҳ֣ѧܿ죬ߦõֱϸľɹ

ָǹۺöǣʼ͡

ͶǷŽﳴ뽴ͺΣ൹ˮȻտѶʢߦõ̯ϣʢ֭ȽϣǣСˡ

ֻνףͳûƶĴȻͷǳãĴױзζ

һʱ䣬ζƮ˳СӣŶóԣû뵽

˶ȥɻ¹е棬Ǹ˭ѧģ

һʣҲ

ѽ¹ͨﲻһ˵ͷͷǵǸ˭ѧģ

άƽŷӣұͻȻͻˣҲ֪ΪɶͻЩˣ

ûбİ취ֻһ԰ѻƵϣĿõģҲ˵ùȥ

˵һ棬±ƣЩҲİŰɣ׷׵ͷ

ŶʮӺ򿪹ǣÿ涶涶ùʼϷͶԼ֭ϡ

ܴܳ¾˰Ѵ룬̶˹ΧһȦʢ

ʢúһʱǰȥȻֵǳԡ

Ǽʶʲô̻ʣǳԷǸ;ϽһڹŪһҶӣˮա

ǿ죡պãó꣬ʢһ¶ǣվֱӣһ

ҲԺʢʳָ

ʱǰǱе㳳˺öˡ

ûʢãܱܹ㣡常ˣ滹һȺˣ˵ֹͷ½ֵϱ

ǳ

ѵһԩŮӣ

ҹ¹һһ淢ʲô鶼Ҫ

ͷ˽ǻԼʰ룬ȷѺԺ˩ãȥǰ

Ҫţôõ

ںһᣬż¾͸ˣֻš

ҪǴǰųȥ϶У˼ȥ⡣

ȥһչľպڵһ߶žӿʼαװԼ

αװú󣬽ͷմͷҿɫķ
žҿɾüĿۣ⡣

ȻҿӵԼ䣬Ӻ󴰻˳ȥ




13.  Ůװ   úţɡ

ʯͷ巽Բʮ˭и紵ݶȥ֡

죬Ů͵飬Ǽ˷ߣһ

Ȼ֤ףһĲ죬Ǽ£Ѳ˸ϵ

˭̫ˣ

½ֵӿ϶ҲǸ޼

ȥû˷֣ʯǽߵС·ߣյӿڣӭˣһ£һ˲λС磬ô

úܿ죬ΪϳԼˣ˵æͷߣߣ

˵ϽͷǰߣȴǺס

ߣߣߣ˹Цò峤ıɣϸƤģܴ𣿡

ЦŵͷԶԣģս󣬱׾룬ֹֿԿܿ

Ҳû⣬ߡ

˸š

½ֵȷʵ˯ˣؼҵ˶˿ϣҰ˺һ𣬾ھӣȥ峤ͼλߡ

λŽһģһҪϷ鸾ûƽߣģսŮ

峤һʱΣȥ顣

ͷۣѿڶʵλ˵ҪϳǸ͵ļô

λͬʱתͷ·Цһ㣬ѽⶼһҪļ飬

죬ǰת͵ˣҲԽԽ࣬±˷֣Ц˵λУȥֵܣ

СŮһתһߡ

ͷ˺ͷ߲߱أСɣ˷굽ǰ档

Ҷæſ֣Ҳûע

˫ּں汻ŹУ峤λߡ

һ۾Ϳ磬ͷȲ裬üͷ塣

λ߼ĺӶڶɱڶǰŵŮˡ

ͻȻе棬֪δ顣

½ȳҿ·ǳɶһҪϳͣҪ˵Ҫǰ½ϣҲ⵵£

⼸λ߷׷׵ͷȴǱ߿

Ǽ˸ӣϸ͵黹ֵͷˣ

ƫҪһдҲ

ĿЦŲ˵硣

²룬̧ͷһۼԺӵĴ񣬳Ѿ˽ˣڣǿŰɣԺͲҪˣһоҪæ

ľߣϽֶߣиĹǣأҿ

ǺǣһαװЦǸЦͥУȴֻ棬ԭ棡˵ͳҪô.һ

һڣǷ׷׳һС硣

һ٣ɤûгָǺˣô˵˴治Ļ

½վڵֱ㣬ԹŮ񼫣Ȼ˵

ŤͷϽͷתһߣ۾һУüͷ˲
ϵ·ϳ

ղŸһϳеС磬Ҫ˵ҪηŹԺǶѧˣǺã

ͷһܣֲֽģŮ˵ǺŮһҪûŮˣôģ

½ụֱ́µĹأ棡

˳ۺܾˣֱӲڣģǻģ±ñͶ̥ŮˣȻ

û˵꣬ſи˻ЪͷӣҪ

ƴȺＷʧ˵ŵŮߡ

½ָˣһɸְ֣Ƕ½ҵ

ǰһ½ߣ˵ֶ㿴ô죿

翴һŮֿӻ֣¸ܱ̹ǷԸһֿһ

ǰˣǸ˵

̧ͷԼˣϣͷǰһ߿һ˵๫ѾˣͲҪˣҲãȻûˣ

˵תͷһмл˵һѣֵã

ģҪڣֻ첲ºܱץסϴߣˣԼαװû⣬СеǷſңԼ˰

¹¹죬֪ԼˣҲǷ£ϵ㣡

Ա߿ֵˣָָֻš

Ǵ治³

󽫾ǵ죬ֻҪڣ˭

ڸУൽС䣬˰ƽȥţ˼ӣˣϽţȴŵš

Ĺˣһ̤ȥסƣһֻŴţһֱ󣬽ǽϡ

ŭĿӣ

˴ͷ͸Сһ

٣ûϳԼԼһš

󣬴󣬴ˣҡ

úţʲôΪ˿Ůģ


Ȼˣ

ϽЦˣҾģˣô֪αװģ

ɿ֣˺һŨüСӣظϡ
һͷ˲ͨ졣

ɲزû߸ͦţҪ·󣬱żϷ㣬ͻᷢԼǸŮġ

̵

ͷһߣûȤ㣬Ҿ㣡תͷֱֱס۾ţܣ

һżǣǸƺпԵģ㡭

㻹ҪȥһȥҴݣ£ǻô㣿

˵ȻǿһĨЦ

ҪȥҴԼݣңŮǰЩ˸ǻһ㣬ȥ϶Χ

һЦ˵ҾţҲȥ

ϻģΪײ࣬Сתųȥ

Ըºܱסſڡ

ǲ

Ըֱ꣬ں泯ȥָղסڵʱļģڻ˵ĸо
ʶʳָĴָһĦ£粽߳ȥ

ˡ

׳ȥˣͷѶſһת뵽ºܱţСֵܣѵǰ㿴вУܱһţȥǰȻҽֵȥȥұ֤Թ

ºܱһղ˵˲֪ŮװܳˣʱüָЦ˵е㶯ҡ

ϸڱΪն˵ǡ

ǣºܱʼȥ

һֿĹ¡




14.     ʱ̻ȥ

ϸ½ֳ꣬Ӷûжĸѹ˿ʼ취½ֲ֪˭˵Ȱ˵ӽӣͬ⣬½취ʯóˣʯ˻˼ͳ½ֲڼϣϣͬ¾Ͱ׮ȥ

ΣֻôӦʯ̰ᣬóκȣҪɺ£ͱ½ײˣǲ˺Щ顣

ֱ꣬
ʯôôϤġ

ͻȻӦԭ֣

УʯǱãȴǸֺеˣû¾ϲǴĴСӡ

ʼⶼʲô飡½֣ǳ⣬ôֵܵز

뵽ԭ֮ǰŰ壬е£ôģǴûֹ
͸ŷ죬˵ɫãܱҡҡͷ¹˰Ǹϻˣ͵㻹ǵһʴ˰ɡ

ˣȰ˵ǷԼȥ¸ܱôϡ
鼱֮£ŶӴˣҶۣé
¸ܱһЦţߣȥéޡ

һ㶣»ϲϽŶܣéںԺϽǣ෴

˻Լ棬εǾңһͻ֤ܡ

룬ǸȥУ˵ˣ㣡

ѾӾͳܣóȻܳȥ

¸ܱһ󣬸ûץԼȥ˼һרעǰĶЦŶӡ

һ͵

һ壬˫۶ǰˡ

ʯ˿ţŹ˺üˣʮµˣ˼ӡ

Ǹ飬˿ҴֻһӵķƹɣԺ󶨻úý̵

ͷ˿ˡҶҴҵӣȫҶ飬˿¼õķϣĹҶɣ

ƵһںʯϣҧҧͻȻת˵µֻң

ͷ¶ͷ͵

ʯǸӦþףԱߵǡԭĸ

ԼһĹԼе
ԼԱߵĸ˱ڻꡣ

ҲԭԹ̫еһ䡣
ͷ磬û͵ȥȤ

Ҫк¸ܱȥ棬ȴ˵ǰ죬û֮ĵŮͲӦˣϧǰר˷ǿ๫ź常ʱˣͲн飬Ҳۡ

ʱ̻ȥͷڹ꣡

磺ס죡
ճڣͿڵһ浯

嵽϶ߣƿڴ˭ϧϧ˺ţΪǮ޸Ҫˣԩʱʶһͷڹ꣬Ϊ˾ȱˣȻڮԼŮ

ճʱΧ۵ĴƣȵڳŮѵ˵ʱŷӦ

ǸŮˣ

ղŸһŮ˶һᣬ֮ǰǸǸ

һɲˣϸͻǼˣһȺǰ壬ҪΧһ٣ٴһ١

꣬û˸ŸָͣԼһȺ˳ƣҪ̻һ㡣

ͷۣҲܲסôøϽˣֱײһϣűϵ

ͬɽһǰһվǳվסҿ˭

ŭȺվסˣ׷׿磬ǼλվߵԱߣֹ

ɨһˣǧƣӽ쿪ʼϳ棬˷Ůһͬʣ

˵ֿһˣ˭ͰҪȥӹء

 ָųǰǼˣǸţ

Ǽ¶ɫͷԹš
¹֮ǰݺ׵ģ۸ٷڶΡ

ļ֣Ҿģһҷ֣һɰ洦ã

ůůģã

Щˣ˶ϵĴ涨
޹ģԼǷ½ּȥ½֣˼˺ӽ꿪ʼÿſ˼һʱԼʮͣһ˶š

ʯĮֱֱסȥɽʯһ

ֳ̾Ϣ˵ۣȴûһ˸վ硣

峤ǼλߣҲû˸ҷԡ

Ǵߣ

ǳ۳սĴ󽫾ʱɢɱ

һֱ绤һУ

䣬վǰ߼ӵ󣬡ˣСŮֱܣ鷳ˣҴȥղ˵ĻҶˣһúġ

ᶶһ£ͨղȺķӦ˿ֻߡ
߲ȫģ

֮ǰһҪԼͻؼҵġ
Ͻ½ǣϣҪӦ

ĬĬǰһ㿪֣һĶʱᵽɤ




15.  Ů   Ǵǲϲеġ

£߸ִ᲻һǸʱҶֻɨǰѩ˪ߣ˵˪ˣίһ繷ʺҪȥֻġ

ԹΪȤ

ۿǰһԼ֪ԼΣˣϽ׼

ͺ񱳺۾һһץסĸۣ溰

¸ܱһվͷͷ֣ˣ

ȥˣҪܡ

˸ϽһΣģ
һ۸ǡ

ۿԼǸŮˣϽ£ˣǴ鷳ˣҴȥɣһúýѵ

һӣ¹ʱ

һ飬黹Ҫ𣿡

ֶ˼˵飬ˣ

ǲһʯкӣҪ¼ҴģǼܱȣ

ȭͷŷΣյĹ⣬սߣС˵ǵ걻ںɽϵĺӣ㻹ǵõ峤˵Ļ𣿡

˵Ѹ뿪
ɫͻ䣬һſ

㿼ǺˣңʱȻ¹ȥ

˵Ͻкһ뿪

ʣµ齻ģתȥ˺棬½߶ֳ峤˵ô˵ľ͸ģ

һһΪѵ涨ģǼ̳ˣ˵ģǾ͸İɣҲûа취

ָֻûͱ˲쵲ȥˡ

»Ҫ򽫾ģǾİɣ

ȻŷҪǱϳӣǾ鷳ˡ

峤ķԸȥЩ˶ۡ

ֱؽôºܱǶΪȰ
ͬȹϵϣȥһ

һֱԸ˴ȥ

ȥ
군ˣ϶ҪǸô죬ҪǻȥĻ֪ᷢʲô飬˽ȥ

Уܻȥ

һͳ籧˫ҾˣˣǧҪһȥ㿴Ǹף˵ǻһ㶼ҷϣҪǻȥˣ

ˣдףһᱣٷƣ檳ȺģֻҪ㲻һȥҰʲôУ

˵檳Ⱥʱ¸ܱѾͷЦˣ綢ӿŸӵ̵ٷƣ檳Ⱥôõģ

ʶһۣ⻹
ҪԺ

û˵꣬Ѹײڶ֮һס죬˽Լǰ

ֺô󣬼Ӻͽ

һ˲䴭ץӲĸۣѿ
˿

ߺǳ⣬˵˵ʲôҪǱ֮ȥͷסҲᱻۣ֪ϣ˭ʸӵԺ

һ̲̫֮ˣֱһţ˶һ£СŬԼ⡣

˲ʪͷ𣬴뿪֮ǰָĻлڣֶͷĪ

ɤӣһǰͨ죬ںŮһ
ղſ϶Ūˡ

Ը¸ܱȥ飬Ѹٴȥ

ŵòˣͷݵı

¸ܱ̲סʵˣȥģ

һۣ¹֮ǰǸ˵ãԼһѵԣ

ͷһʣתﶼЦ۽ǿ붼ʻ

ллˣһúý˷ģҸóԵģ

俴һۣԺ˵ע㣡СԴ

ʶӣæҿ

ǸСӰ¸ܱЦˣǣѸٷ£һĮ߿

һߣСˣǽǲǺ

һǵȻˣսģɱԶǰ棬һȥ˵ͷ͵ˣÿ߿ա

ವġ

ܱſ䣬ıҲһű󽲾֮ҲܵУȻʥҲϴ󽫾

ôм䣬֣һϲǽŮһܶ࣡

˲޻ˣһۡ
Ҳϣи֪֪ȵĹ

뵽ղԼӣϴ󽫾ܵУҪߵŮˣ϶аȫС

ʱ򲻽ȫ˲Լ鷳˵лȥǣŴĻʹɶ˵׼С˵濪¥ӵլ

ԽԽ˷ܣͻȻʶһ⣬ղ˵ûϲŮʱһΪѵӣòᡭ

Ǵǲϲеģ
ԼһǷˣ붼û˳

¸ܱһŷӦ˲䣬ɫɫ




16.  Һз   ̧ͷһ

˱ɫǿ̣ʧ伫ˣôѪգ޵еĴ󽫾ȻĲϲŮˣ

ֲŸǣûȤֲһֱûŮźҪ֪ڹŴ檣ͨѾͷɶĿǺġ

ͲԾˣܱš
š
ˣ¸ܱĸۣһҶı˵ûû£Ǻ飬ǲþΪ飬ұ֤˵ģǷģ

Ժٴ˼ңúź󽫾

¸ܱ˵еԺ

ûŮǺ飿˵ʲô˵ģ

½͵¹ǹܣʲô˵ģǽԼѡ񣡡

°Ͷ쾪ˡ
ܣ
濪ţ

ԼСˡ

һ˸̥ߣ·ǿǰָۣһͷһûӡ

Ļãǿϧˣ
Ȼ취ΪߵŮˣԺͿԺˡ

ϧѽϧ

ȻŮˣǿԵֵܣֵҲܲġ

Һ¸ܱͰȥɽʯʯͷ

˯ѣԺѾʼˡ
򽫾֮ǰ߿ʼԺǽ

Ժǽµһ죬֮ǰûξʱ͸Ÿ׸˸Ƿӡ

˫վԱЦпţһˣһǱߵʯͷ͹ˡ

ˣʯͷһӣվź׵¹˵ô죿ʯͷҲһ󣬿϶Щط͹ȥģ

ӣܺã򽫾֮ǰǲҲǿ¸ܱӣŻ˼

߹ȥ߿ָԸǱ߶ľ߶ľߣʯͷʱƽˡ

һţȻѽզû뵽أҸűȻʯͷʱ򣬾ˡ

ţ¸ܱ˺ԺЦʲôԡ

ͬһУǵҪȥǵĸ첲ŵһӵԶ

쿴˴֣һӦûûװɣ¹õĹ

һ仰¸ܱסˣͬʱ˲ͱĪ⡣

Ͻڰ֣Ǻֵܣ
ɲʲô˫

ܱЦ˵Ҹոӳף¹ôõˣûлˣֵܰɣ

Ŀɿڴ
˫
һеˡ
棡

¶䶼ˣ͵͵ƳһôÿĹôóԣɲġ

ͷҽæʣҪԼǸӡ

ţȺģΪ˲ΣɫǸʱԺǽôʲôŪŪˣ

쿴һ¹˵ҪŪƽЩҸ˵ӺðһӾŪƽˣ

һ˵¹ŪģϽ˵סԺӣȻҪԺǽƽ㣬úŪʲôҪң

˵ͦͦţӣЦЦ¹ʲôԸҲ˵浽

Ц﷢ë
¸ܱĿ࣬ǺܾСӣĸǶԿġ
ǡ

бҪһ˵񽫾ˣһһ⣬Ȼɲһף

ʱˣʼ׼СӻǣվߵԸ

һָǺϡӱ˿

˶ɻǿ죬ʱˣǱߵԺǽѾ˸ˡ

Ҳ

¸ܱ˵ǰԷ

ϴָ£ڼϼ˿ʹ˿ȻһԺߡ

æסȥʲô

ܱһ£Ц˵϶ȥ¹

е㲻ڣҧתǰﻹżˣϥصˣһ£

ʲô£

Ȣ¹Ϊ

üĨĴлڣ棡

ͷﾪϲԣĵģ¹֮ǰݺҲǸĹǸӣ¹£һֺ÷Ȣ

ҧҧ΢΢̽ǰһв˾ãɣȳԷ

Ҫȥ档

סԣ

¶סţ£ͷԱ

ҧһڼıζ˿ζζڣһ˲伤ʳ

Űһ˿ۣû뵽вһֱζ

һ˺üˣֺȥһϡ˶̹ˡ

ȥԺ¹鷿һˣ룬ԸܱȥԺ¹

Ȼȥ鷿

ܱȥԺʱһ£ۣ˿϶Ҫ¹⣬ӣ

ĵһˣܱ˵¶ϲɫϽȥȥһȦ¹Ϊѣ

***
ܱҵʱճ극˵Լ￩һ¡

϶Լûбֺþ룬ҪԼˡ

ߵʱ򾭹ſڣǳԵǸ㰡۾ͷ⣬춼˾Ŀ⡣
֪ôǽó˵ķˣ

ź
ʱԲãǶôһ飡
Լˣ

ܱߵʱŲСʣֵܣ׵飬ǽ֪𣿡

֪ܱͷʱǴ˻ڼҶӼ죡

ЩԻˣ򽫾Ŀ

ǰ鷿

һųиȿϴˣҴˣҲ֪ˣԺһǱ־룡
ϴõİ취ʡԼͻؼȥ

һ㶣̶ݵŶ֪˰ôֲԼĴ󣿡

ͷˣдҸֵֻһ㣬߽ҲԣҲӰǵĸģҲʵʱǣǶһһģ

ԽüͷԽ˼ǡû뷨

ˣе㺦£Ͻ˵ˣҶûһ뷨

΢΢𣬽˵ֵ֪ܽ飬ѾùˣҪֵˣ㱣֤ҾԲ˵ģ

˲վһһ߹ȥ

̧ͷһԼŵȶˡ
군ˣ

һץס°ͣתϣ΢΢ȥͣھԶĵطҧ˵ղŵĻ˵һ飡

ϣҲҳʮֿ϶ֻҪ룬ֻҪܰԼ

ָ΢ȴֲڡ

ʮʹˣҶ˵Ҳ

죡˼ǣҺз磿




17.  ½   ֹס

һ˲Լ
򽫾ҲǵģЩҪԼ˵
Ͳ

翴۾ˣˮģžֺίһҧɿ뿪

¹֮ǰֹֻǲ㱻ԩǿΪ˾㣡£Щ฾һ˵˵

˵ɫĳʱ£Ϊûʱٴĳʲôʶʶҵǲˣ

أҳ
Ҫôԣ
ɱԼ
ɱˣ˭Ұô

ǲ

ͷϽǸˣԲҵĴΪΪԺԲ˵лˣʱһúý

˵꣬ͷƿߣϽԺȥżʱ򣬽һˤӡ

ںʶ֣׼ǰסſ򣬱ûжıӰȥ˺Ժ

ӽ쿪ʼ˳ȥϴ·ţͲᾭǰԺҲ档

һ룬İˡ
ڶϣ¸ܱ緹ʱɫԲԾ죬˹̾;ߣһۡ

ǶĬˣԾĸ־롣

ֵӣһһ۽ЦͻԼš

ԺǽˣһСԺӣʯһȻСȴԼһ˵ģһڶˡ

һη£û¾ſպԶɽ

ǣֻһ죬;ˡ
ûûֻھ˯Ϸڵҹ˯š

̫ˣһ㶯
رͷ¥壬Ͼ֨֨֨ĳ

죬ʼԺǽʯˣʵ̲סˣ˵

ǸҽǴĹ£ɺã

Ƿ׷װ֣СӿʵܣŵӳǰԺС¹ǲ˵ʵǡעŮ֮¾Ϊߵ̫ǰ챻˺ݺݽѵһ٣˵ͻؼֵȥ

˵ֿſڣټӿ죬¹ͲҪΪˣ

˵һת׼ȥǰɻ

ЦϣԼС֣סǣһ£

ͣСӻͷʣ¹кηԸ

ܲܰҴӽ輸飿һ̫¶ˣ鿴ĻҲôʱ䡣

˵ʱһįСӶЩˣԱ˳ӣҡҡͷ¹Լȥ˵û㣡£֣һǸת

Լȥҽ飡
ӣң
ʮӶң
ӵĸо̫ˣԶˡ

ǵıӰʧƲֻԼСԺӡ

ȥУʱ䳤˻ᷢ衣

ҵ

ԺתƵʱ򣬾ӺɽҪȥɽҲ˵ĳĵĹһ˵档

ھͳš

ϴɾ·ȥһСһС൶ߡ

ﾲĵġ
쵽ǰʱķŲʮϣĳ˲ڼ

ŵʱһҪȥ

һܳȥſԻţӲܡ

Ͻת۾һСӣͷңҳȥҰˣ

̧ͷϵ

ڵһ¾ͺˡ͸ʷһ鷢š
ȴҲ̧ͷ

翴ŶŮһ̧ͷ۾ɿ쿴Լһۣʹ

Զһ¡

ˣ

̧ǰŵֱ㶿һţˣһںԺʵ̫ˣȥתתҰˣǸƻʳ

վסţٿȷҰ˸ƻʳ

Ͻͷ
һ

΢ЦЦϷŰʲôҰˣ

ſڽ˵ԺǸҶӶˣ滹ûʲôҰˡ

ЦԼ

ҧҧ̧ͷţ˵˼ǣﲻǽǵģεģ

翴С췭ķɿ죬¹ҪôΪҲû취ҿԸ㣬ҾҪڼȥл

淴˲ͱҲ˲Ϻˡ
һ͵еߵöˣ˭˵л

򴽣ǼȻˣҽؼң

˲ˣĬſ룬һͿʼĨᣬһڷ䣬û˵ϻңʲôܸɣҲܳţλңŶвֲǷˣΪʲôܳţ

Խ˵Խģ͸һ㣬һһ׺ÿ¹

ʱ޴룬¹ˣҪǰС׷㷿䣬ƣ뿴ʲô飬鷿ʲô͸ңô

ֹסҿԳȥ𣿡

ԲУ






18.  ׽   ãһؼҰɣ

һ֮£ȥ鷿顣

ǽĲżϣ飬һ߿ȥеͷۣЩ̴ιֳ飬

ļˣ

һⱾһǱͷ緭ۣ⣿

򴽣תӲżϳһӣһ顣


˵׼ȷұÿ飬һݸһǡŮѵҪ࿴ģԼ

鲻Ըӹȥ飬ԽԽãö඼Щ廰ֻҪ˳۵ģ棬Ȼһ׵Ļ鹫Ϸʶͷڴ˵Ͻóõ档

ͷʱ򣬿ű飬ɵˣüͷк££

ۻء

иˣæ̧¹﷿䡣

˵ȰǱ׻Žӣٽҷ棬ȷסǱ顣

˵

ûֽСͬľһ͵䡣

һߣСԺӵһأһʱȰǱˮãԺһʼ

Ȿ齲һǹϾϿϿ֮ʱΪһȽŲߣԼ̲ҲûоȻ֮ǰһöָ˵ܱٷơ

ǹӲûаĻϣպýָ׼Ҹط䵱ʱʼͷһϵ

ˣһ·ջƸŮȵǵʱѾҲᣬ檳Ⱥ

оʮŸ

ǿȡ״ԪŮһģټ飬ΪȢŮʮŸȫǲɢ׵ʼһһ׷ˡ

ľԽԽĿʹֶΣӢ۾ùģǸȦȦ棬ڹȥ·ϣȥ;Уɽϣ鷿

ýζд߶󣡱ִĶС

һʱСš
¹ʲôԣ

붯۾û뿪飬Լһɣȥν

СһΪѣǴ˵Ǹѧǡ

룬ɫ죬֣һ롣
ԣ
˵̰꣬ص

С׻ţС

Ӵ򿪣ʳС㣬һиɾˮ
ͷλܲܣҪǲܾ͹ԹԴңҸóԵġ

Сһ±ƶЦһëȻȥ
ǰߣС׺žվһë󣬱ϵëġ

⼸Ķʳ棬棬棬涼ˣʱСѾűһߣɵȴ

˺ʱ̲סƳҲˡ

Ƶôˣж

˶ֻСӣ˵£¹ú죡
رÿ۾ﶼˮģ˵Ҳرᡣ

ЩѪյˣս⣬иŮˣøǼƵģϲ
ƽֵģȴᡣ

һ뵽Щ³çƬΣȻǽ飬ⱾǲҲ
˲俪ʼ̡

Сӹе¹ôˣ
û£ͺˣȸһᣬһ˷䡣˵ͷҲȥԼ䡣

***
ӻشͿʼͼڻˣݵͼȦҪ㣬ϸһ飬ŷëʡ
ʯͷء

ţС״ҡڹű߲䣬ɤӽ˼

˲ۺ󱳣С˵ëôң
϶ģ롣

ߣè˵ŮӣһŮģһ¹ġ

ͷС׷£·ϵèë

ȥǣǳԷʱ䣬дŮӣǻȥɣ

ߺתԺߣŮҲŽˡ

磬飬λ½Ľ㣬顣

Ľ㣿
ͣסŲعͷŮߵŮӿȥ

ԼĪжʮ꣬üۼȷʵ

¼Ϊʱ飬ŮҲںͷš

ֻŵسԼи΢˵򽫾Ǵҵȥ򽫾и㣡

˼š
Ҫˣ

ԱߵŮ̲ȥˣ񣬡磬ҾȥȽϺãǸˣҲܲ㣬һȺ˽Ҳã԰ɣ

ͷ¹ﲻһֱû꣬꣬Ȼȥ

ĳﶼӣݣλȥĪҪڣ

˵ƣ˳ȥ

ʱһǰһһߺˣˣСײˣ㿴ûУҾ͡˵ŻѾܵǰһ۾ͿվλŮӣûü࣬è

ǸŮϳˣһûϸֻ졣

СףԱߡ

Ѹ߹ȥһѱСףǸԭпˣҾͲˣ

üһⲻѣһ
Ǳ飬뵽ҲܿΣ

תͱ˽סˡ
ãһؼҰɣ




19.  ŮӲ   ɥˣ

ʱСںԺ
¹ͶʼðˣٲҪˣ

һȸ˵ȻһԺ塣

ϴлź𣿡
һתͷʮڰϣÿ涼ʹлһӣס

ӹҨһ׹̵ͣһȥ롣

˲žҪζ

Σʮȫꡣ

꣬ף֡

ˣټӵ㽴ʹףͿԳˣ

˶Ǻãĸˣȣ̾һ˶ȥǰ

ʱ˿һ˵ȥһǰ

ͷСʢͬʱǣԸ棬ҪԭԭʳҪǲθﲻ

˺׷׵ͷ

Сȥһڣ̾¹ֱ̫ˣһǺóԣ

ǫʵͦ򵥵ģ棬ߦ涼ǣҾһ¡

˷׷˵ѧˣȥ͸

ԱЦ˵Ƿͣ

ȥǰ

ŮĻڣһ۾ŵ̡

һǸԼõŮˣԭĴ㡣

ƿߣǰһ滹ûӣϽ̷£żˣҪϽԣٲԾˣ

ڰ֣޷

Ů뿴룬Ůſˮʣ磬ǳԵʲô

ҡҡͷ֪¹ģ

һȣȻ
ʲôô㣡ڼôû
볢

¹Ľ㣬԰ɣ˵

ƿߣϽͷǵģǵģ

¹ڻܸǻȥڰ飬ȹʱˣȻȥ

һ£ã㵽ʲô飿ܵ㣬Ƕܵ㣬֪𣿡

ңҳʱôûκˣұԩڲ񷿵ʱȥɣѾóŵˮˣ

ǸѾˣӦûؼң㲻ؼңȥ

ЦЦѽѾˣȥȥ

ŮӲŻ㲻ȥﶼû֮أŮ˵

źģ

סˣ
ôˣ
ѽڹŴŮǲŻģӸӷӡ
ǲܴӼ
ҲûŻȨ

Ů֪Լ˵ˣԹһתͻȻ˵磬Ȼ£Ҹ㽻 Ժɡ

˵곯ЦЦòð
һĲãǲҵ˼磬Ȼͷ

ŮЦи񣬳ֱӸǣ֮ǰ档

һߣ¸ܱſ룬ǰĵüͷʣˣбڣҲ˵磬ȥڵ¥־ڴԼأӪ֮ǰҿǱð̡


ܱ˵뻹ûӣϽ˵ˣԷǾڱϵš

кǣһСɡ

¿һۣѸٶ㿪ͷȥһȣܱ룬Ҹȥ

翴ߣڱ󺰣ȥǣ˵˵ģԺҪκ˵Ƚ

õģˣ

һתȥ˺Ժ극ԾͽԼСԺӣ顣

û˼ˡ
ղŮ˵Ļˡ

ŻƺҲȫҪ֪ô

ˣ

쿪ʼ쾭ڼңŻֻϳжʲô

ˣСӣǶԼӪˣҲˣ˵ǽӵȥִˣҪʱܹѧϰ

ã⼸ҲûҲѧ˼ּ򵥵ʳҲ㡣

ȥǸ취˼ȥ򽫾ҪһЩʺֽһЩ򵥵ĲдֻҪͿˡ

ʼĶʱʱʱſڣ׻ʲô˵ֻúô

죬ȻһÿţݸǽҰģһЩƥ֮ģһЩ֬ˮͷεȣʱ㾭һڼеҲôʱ䣡

廨·ŮӲǶЩ𣡡

˾뿪ˡ

ýݣһͷ۶
廨Ӷˣ
綺Сף˼ء

ʱ粻ڣСһϤˣֻҪС׾ͻŵһС׾ͻȣһƤ̡

СףһôһС׾ܸо

죬ҹﺥʱ̣ȵ硣

Сһ´ȥţͬʱǱ𼱴ٵĽŲѹֵ˵

ףͷһߡ

һЩĴĶ

㣬Ҫˮ
ȥҽû

СԺţһ۾Ϳææ¹ʲôȥ

˲࣬ʲôˣ

ɥˣмˣѪֹ

ȥͷǰܡ




20.  ｫֹѪ   ¹ϲˡ

鷿ϣ˿ϥϷ·ȾһƬ
Ѫڼ

ɫ԰ףͷǺ
ҹǺģôູ϶ʹ̵ġ

ܱԱߣһνæǰæʾҽû

ֱӳ鷿һΪѿŽˣûס

̧̧Ƥûκζ
ʧѪർµ

ڵһʱҪֹѪ
˿ڣżֹѪðȥ϶еġ

ܱˣֽס˿ڣֺܿͱѪȾ죬ֹס

˲ҿûҵҪĶҧҧԼܱÿ

ܱ½ߴգҪˣ¹ϲˣҲʱ·

Ա˶Ҫ

ÿٲÿǽѪֹϾûˣ

һ㶣硣
ܱϽȥɣֻҪֹܰѪʲôԣ

ͬʱܱһۡ

˵¹ףطȥ

ƽϵĴˣȻ˵ܡ

ȥٽ´˿濿ȸĲλס

»¶ɫ£ɼϸս

ͷ໬һ˿ڡ

еңʵǲףֿרעҲô񾯸Աߵļˣ۾Ҫҿ

С˿ڣʹƺ߳漴Ľëһ£üͷᣬˣһ£ֹסѪ

еΣǸλһŮӿˣǼĲãʱɢĵ

ǸζסѪζ˲١ʹƺҲһЩ

ͻȻܱһԾϲ쿴Ѫˡ

Χһ¶ϲɫ̫ˣֹסˣ
¹㰡

ϸ鿴˿ڣ˲ǳѪģŤͷʣƽֵʲôҩۣ

ܱԱߵС״ƿǾַĩǾҽģרŸ˿ĨģǴ˸ղѪֹҩһȥͱˡ

ӹ˿ڸѪ·ü

ĴҲæңҲͻȻ뵽Լǰ

һ£

˵ͳԺܡ

һߣСʣˣȥ¹˵һ

ã翴һۣϢһȥɺ¡

壡һǡ

û£ͺã

˵꣬Űż͵ˡ

˵°˿Χ·

¹黹ܱһŮӣף

̧ҵȵģ㴦һ˿ôˣֲǼף

һڣգգۣΡ
˶𴦣װû

ָ΢Сģ˿ԱߵѪ£Ϊ˲ʱޱСġ

糣ֿĺһ˵һαһŮôϸĵϣСӯᣬᳶ·һ㶼ۣǸλȴ쳣ŰӶˡ

Ǵûйĸо

ʣûһŮӽӣҲ˵ʲôתͷܱϽķԸȥϢ

ȣϺöѪЩѾˣҲܿȡ
ϼ⽡׳ʵ˿ǿⷭţĵ

ҪԼ綼ˡ

Ѹٶӣҩĩ˿ϵʳָָᰴ˿Աߣҩĩ˿ϻ

һһƺߡ

һǲŪˣ

ɳƣŽӲûУ

ˣһתڰҸɾĲ

öˮ¹ЩǽҸ·廨ģùʲô

϶ͣҲ·Ҳ廨Щûá

üͷһ塣
һ˼顣

ҵһɫĲ۵˿ڣʱһȣػ˺ü¡

Ըо˱仯ȶӲĲˡ

ȤˣһŰ壬Ǹ׵ӣǸɧ

缫ţһֱ˫ȭսʹĸоðһŻ𣬲֪ôϨ

ڰˣ뿪ںһЩһȴյģ˵ķꡣ

ȥɣл¹ʣµͲͷˣ

ʣµҲҪˮӣɾ·˵ȻһƤ˲⣬ЩҲ

һڣϽܾͷŮܲףղŸҰ˿Ѿǲ֮ˣǱŮѵ㻹Ҫץ

һ˵ǣͷ΢Ц
ǱӵˣһҲû

ҵµȤ

̧ͷѸٿһ֪ˣˣϢȥѩɤӣȥȥ쿪ʼһȣ˿ջָ

¹˵һȥ˺Ժµ㡣

ͻȻŴܱȥɫЩѿϽͷЦӹˮˣҸӡ

ʱһ޳˽һ˵ˣҽˣ

ֺã

Ź֡

һȥˣѽ÷ɫĲ˿ڣбһϵĳˣ٩ַҲ֣֮

һɻӡ

ζŮ˰ֵܣӿˣ֪ҪŮźˣЩֵչ㣬ɲǳ֮ơ

˵ȣ࣬ʶȥһţһ۵ֱð

ȷŻȥһϷŰˣ˵

һӷְȸĲ¶˲飬̾˭ģ

绹û˵ܱЦ˵¹

ķǵĳˣƷһŰ˳ûкӵ°ͣͷúãúãֻλ֮ôŮ

翴һЦӣ㵽ваоͻȥ

ԼôܲУҾ᲻ý⿪ɫǹİ᲻ý⿪

Ȼ˵һʹĵĽ⿪ϸſһۣ죬ٴ

ϣͷǵƤˣҼûжȻСλ¹ǰɣĲ

˵ӸղСҵһɫСƿ򿪵һɫСҩ裬кһ£ֱ°ſ죬ҩӽȥŰ°һϡ

ƿҩڷÿһסˣ

ܱϽͷˣллҽ

Ҫλ¹𣿶ˣ¹ϢҪûϢгƣ

磺
ˣǳûˣȥɣ




21.     Ц˵ˣź㡭

ҡĴôܹͲ˵ҸϢ

üëһﵽһ·˶ã

ЦһΪѣ㶼֪§Ҽ˯Ҫɺˣ˽ңεʱ˽ѣһ˵ǼˣֻһѪ˻úõģͶ˯һᡣ

ܱԱ߰ԼҽһæҽҼҽղѪֹ㡭

ͻȻһתԱߣһߴϺһ߲鿴ɫ

˲һһһɫʧѪ࣬ϢգϵȥæûУ

ܱҲԱȰԵģҽģʲôԸҸȥͷˣҪҵһµľңҡ

ܱһΣѣ

ڰ֣ҽģúˣҲˣ

ҽͷǾҾͻȥˣ㣡

ܱһҽºڷߣ

һָԼܵѲ֧ߣ¹ź㣡
ۿѾ۵ɱˣٺЦҩ䣬һתûӰˡ

ܱԥһ£ʽˣңҪҪ͡

ãźã
˵̲סЦ
ˣӿʼʶôûΣҪǵ׼ԼͰˣǸɣܸоһҪ˼ҹ

Ȼʱû飡

̾оڸһתͷԱߵˮܱԼˮ뵽¹˵ҪԼѩȡ
ְסʣ촽
ôû

ѩʱרŶһǣҲ»

ջʱȵĽ壬־˼ӣ׽סСʵǽô˵ģ

ûС⼸ǽһĴ̽飬Ѿ˼㣬ǵǱоһǿԵһʱ䷢ϣܱȥ˿ӪĵطܱǼһﲻ֪ô£Ū쾪˵ˣ˼Ϊǽˣɳһͨ䡣

﷢
Ҫǽܱͱɸˣ

һԾӣǿңѹ˵Ҹһܡ

ʲôܣ
һ档

˵ĸ׻š
Ӻ棬ȥˣ

ֹ˵Ͻס¹ҪӦң²ܶκ˵ôĸֲֻᣬǼŶ֪ΪѾĸˣûУôӪҰ취̽һĸ׵

˵е˸УЩడҵڲ֪飬ʵĳ˭ã

𾪼ˣͬʱֺ£Сʣ˵֪ܣҪ֪֪ˣ᲻ɱڣ

գ˺ü۾㲻˵ô֪

ץӸƵģоԼһըʱܻᱬը
̲סģ

ǽĸΪʲôȥֹ

嶼˵ˣʣ˵˵ĸױֹģǻˣ

ոȥ
ԾѣˣˣȥæɣԺҪ˵ˣһ֪һã֪̫ˣһ˵λ˵군ˣ

ͷҪ㺦˵λǾͲҪ˯һŴϣû£

˵귢Լ˵ˣץӾܣ¹ҲǹģԲ𣡡

׷ȻվԭѸٶţߵǱҪЦˣ
ѩãʢһֵСʢһ㳢ܺúȡ

ϽԼһ룬Ŷϴȥǰ
ʱ䷢飬Լղ˵Ļ﷢صķӦ

ĸֹҵˣţ˵ĺƽа
ƽˣĹֹˣôͻΪһˣ

ŴŮӲܵҪȥȥ겻̫ʵһӾǵйҪһˣסţ취׬ǮǲǸһЩ

ˣҪȨƣҪúÿġ
ʯͷ壬˵Ȩľ磬ϴ󽫾׳˧

ôˣǲģ

ȻŮɫһҪ޵ĸоǡ

ͷıѩ档
Ǿʹѩ濪ʼɡ

ʱҪϢ
ﲻ;ݣŮˣһԱչţչչžͺˡ

ﻶ裬ֽ˷ܣ·ӵһޱȼ޵
ˡ

鷿ʱڱĿ΢΢۾ѵ¶һ˿΢Цˣ¹ˣ

˵ָԱߣͺãϽȥϢɣ

һᣬô԰װ׷

̵۾ˮˮģЦ˵ˣźɣ

ܱһһ£šɵë뵽ղҽ˵ĻǳʶȤĶȥ浹ˮ

˳͹յ˵Ѹ˯µҡѣС˵ղ¹˵ҪźǴˣҾôҪ¹źţ治

ƵĲ˵

ܱͻȻһţֵܰǰ˵ĻɱҾǸǿЦģڿע¹ﱣ־룬˵ѾʼˣǽԺǽ͸ˣ¹ȦȻ˽Ӵ

˵һյǰ컹򽫾Ȣ¹˵ô룿

ܱһ£ǵ󣡡˵ְοҲ룬Ӧòϣ֮ǽѵ¹Ժע㣬ҪǽߵŮˣһҪ־룬һԺ˽ˣǶΡ

һϯ¶˯ˣȥ⼸һĳ

뵽ֽǸǰһʱͷģܿ˯˹ȥ

ǰţСȱѩ棬˺һᣬµģģһںȥɤӵθ̹ġ

վһߣȡ

Ĳոÿž
ĬĬһڿˮֺˡ

һСѩ꣬Ͻ˵ҪҪٺȵ㣿

ʱװֱָֻӱסָ˶һ£ջȥֱӷŵ

ֻεţ޲õȥ

ˣѾС룬ٺȶӾͷͣȥϢɣ

Ŵﻹʣһıѩ棬ʣµܱǺ˰ɡ

˵תȥϢ

ܱصǰ£Աûıѩ棬СʣˣҰȥɣ

ҡҡͷãͷǱߣҿڿʵʱȡȥɣ

ֿܱܣ޲֮󣬷ȥ

һߣͰţһ첲ӣһֶֻ˹룬ͷڴںȵļס




22.  ʳ   뵽ִŮӡ

ڶһ磬ˣҹ˺һᣬ˺öಹѪӵʳġ

뵽ִŮӳԵĶ

һ⼸ֻһ˵ķԼ취

һͷֻҪܺã˵¹ֻһ죬Թԡ

ϣСӾҪţϽ׷¹Ҫȥ

ȥǽʳġ߲ⷿ˲ʺԡ

ҪţһʳĲʺϽԣϽ緹¹ţȥʳġ

ӺףǽרŷԸǸ¹ﱣ־룬ðɣ

Цѹû£С㣬Ҫ߽ͺˣһԶԶıҾͺãҲǱž밡

壬¹˵Ķԣ¹ǰǽæ㱣¹ҲӦõģǽ֪Ҳģ

˵ˣŵʱʣһǸʳģǳˣһҪ¹ﱣá

ǼʶˣԼԺҪţǲף

֪ߵķˣǽˣ

źߣ壬֪ĸ𣿡

ͷ嶫ͷ˺ö༦򼦾ȥǱߡ

ͷߣԥǣ¹Ǳߵ½˶㻳е⣬ҪȻݣҪ򼦣ȥͺá

ҡͷʵһ뿴ûбĶ˵ЦЦûµģ𣬷ģ

ͷӾһ˿ҷġ
ϾΪ˽ðյġ

ʯͷĴͣˣеɽҩڵأŮɨϴˣæ

ӵǴ۾֮أ֮Ǻӵϴ·ʱͻᳶҵҡ

ߵмĺӵʱһϴ·۾һ̾ʹȥںͷסֻԶԶŸż

ƹô˵ģѵȥʹˣһü۴긾ˡ

Ů˳ҡҡͷѽ򽫾˵ˣʱ£֪𣿡ѹ⿴ΧһȺˣǶͷϸ

Ҳ˽Ų

ҵֶŮܾˣãСʱ򽫾ߵ磬ûٰæչˣֶŮǴСͳߣӴСһ𳤴ֶ֪Ů˭𣿡

˾ϲӣȴϲرִһ鰮İԡ

ǴͷҵĹŮŮǴ幫ϵ˰Ǽ϶ǰ컹ңȥףĸң

ͣסš

ԱһŨüϸ۵ĸԥ˵˵ʵǸ˷ŮӣҲģǿϧˡ

ϧʲôһŮӳһ˵ʱ۾ڹˣҼϴǰͱԵĲ跹˼Ҫһ٣ȥǸˣ
ŮЦŴȤҲЦ

Լ
ԼԵĲ跹˼
֮ǰվӵʱȷʵ̬ܿر۽ǿ룬顣

֪᲻ϲԼģ

˵꣬Ĺ˵ǵ򽫾Ǹˣͬͬס

˵ЦɫԶ
ټʲô

ȥ
𻨻˵˵ˣȥ峤˵Ҫȥ򽫾峤򽫾壬Ļܴĸ֮

λϴ·أվ棬Ӹ£Цӯӯǡ

˷׷̧ͷֿվŵ壬Ľ

һŤһߣм

¹ﰡһʵҪȥʲô

¹һЦ֪˭𣿡

ֲ򽫾Сۣԭʳôã
һ£Աߵˣ˭֪

ŨüϸŮ˶˶٣Ҽǿ˵½ѧļҽɱһȥˡ

ллȾߣȥˡ

ǻ׻һ̹ţЩźţϴ·

Щ˵Ļȫ˶ܲζ

⼸ȷʵŸף˵ˣǸ˿ÿʲôŮҲ

ҪɼҵĻ¹ʡ
Ϊ˳ҺʳģҲЩȲһܱȵġ

쵽½ѧļҵʱŲںʵ¹ôˣ

ЩΪѵĿֵܣˡ½ͼݣҡ

½ͼݣһͷˮ½˭
꣬ͻȻ֮ǰ¸ǽ飬һţ˼¹ңȥȥ

ͷڹսǴˡ

˺һᣬһɥûˣ
ʧ䣬ȫûˣ

ͷʣͷһЩ׼ιˮ
˫۷Ź⣬Ͻ죬ȥЩȫ

һΪѣȥСһι군ˣ
ֻתȥ

½ѧһҪˣΪԼ⡣
ǣǼۻĶҲҪ

ҧҧҪ

½ѧսսϵãֻ˼ǮЩ׼ιĶô˼սǮ

һͳһ䣬͸˸档
½ѧɫ˲ŭ죬ָıӾǼң½Ϊ㶪ɫҴɩӸֻڴŲµأ͸ҳŻεҲˣ

ۼֿ죬һקסһһ˦˵껤ǰ棬ڿǽߵˣ˵ʲôˣ

½ѧһ£ˣ
Ϊͷ𣬡Ů湻԰Ҵֶ֣˽Ĵ׳ʿ˵ңŮˣͲûţžǸң´Ҫ

˵žͰơ
Ͻӹˮţʩչ
Ҳȭžͽ˿סֿǽϡ

Ҫ¹ʹ˵ɩֵ飬ǽͷģҪͳŽ㲻ʯͷסȥھ͸ȥҽ½ҹ
½ѧ̬˲׳ʿŹңһʱͿ

Щ£ҪǸղԼȥ⣬ҪǿԼɱֵԼһ£ȥˡ

׽Լġ

ˣվ½ѧ˵οԷŹ㣬´ҳҪңͰֵ˵֤ԺҪǳˣһһʣ㲻Լ޶ĸأµļҵô׶

ýٶ඼ûãΪԼˣǾˡ

½ѧĻȥ֮ǰһۣʲôҲû˵ͷݡ

ȥһֻĸ˼ҡ
ſڣС˵¹㣡ҿһŭϽȥ




23.  ˵Ļ   һθܵʲ

ˣŵʱˣΪֻǳȥϴ·˺һᣬ˻

С鷿ʱʱͺˡ

¹أ

¹ȥ㡭

տھͱˣ֪ˣһң

С࣬ȥˣ˿϶˿ۣ鲻ãøϽһ¹һźˡ

ȷʵлտʼȷʵֻǿóԵķֵǸƻʳִ˶е⣬Ǵ½ָϵ֮϶ûа취ڴȥ½˰æĴܵͳ˴ӣȥڴ

ַûа취ı䣬»ҳȥܣҪ½Ǽˣƴ

ԽԽ£ţ˿ڶʹ
һᣬſڴһṵ̊ͷת档

˵ˣݵʱеŵߵǰţԱ߷ŵһС໹ð

ˣСһ
˼룬ûתȻ˯ţǾͲˡ

תղȥˣ

ԭû˯ŰתȵĿ۾ԲģһƬҺȥ嶫ͷˣŻ˲ӡ

üͷ壬⣿ȥ½ѧļң

ͷ

һվһˣΪ̫ѹϵ˿ڣõķɫ̾ѪɫȾһ۾Ƽˣæ˹ȥֹд

첲ȴһקţ˱ǰһʧȥģϣ鼱֮£ֳסš

˵ɤﶼŭ˭ĵӣȥ½ѧļң´ٸжʲô£Ը

ƺܴĸ첲ֻѾʮˣΪ

첲۵üͷš˫ֵϣĶˣӭȫ϶صϢ
ò첲ֱۣҪվסˡ

ϴβ㱻ϲӣֵ첲

ǲǳԴ賤ġ

ûУ粻Ծһ¡

һ£ʹͺ˫ҲŲסˣ첲һſȥ

ʶס

һθܵʲô˻
ůʵӲźŵϢһƬհףӽӲ飬Լ˲û

ˣңҡ

ɽ֣ļϽղıʵʵϣ˶ˣŮʧءָǣ˲

ȥɣסʱ䣬Ժûҵ˽
ƣࡣ

յģ·ʧȥһްеǸо
ͷָѹɤ˵õģҶ˵ģȸ˲鿴һ˿ڣȻȥóԵģ
һһˣеĿˣ

ˣһҪ뷽跨

ûоܾȥҿ˿ڣҩղŻŵĿڣʱ˳ޱȡ

ߺСȥɫ롣

һԺʹȥСû˵ʲôɣ

ҡҡͷǽͦõģȻװͰ͵ģĳã

ͷͷ麹ǾͺãҪǽǰŮ˶ûɫΪ㣡

˺֮ģ֪֪ǽϲʲôŮˣ

Ӻף˺һ˵治֪֪ʲôŮˡ

һ˵

ޣ֪߳ܵŮˣᣡ
㱻ԼĿˮҭΪ忴Լ˼ҪΪŮˣ϶ҪʹֶνӽղһĻû¶Ͳҡ

ȴŮˣ
һԼ̫ˣ
廹ڼ˵ţھǣǽȥ¥Щط

ӳűָǽˮһ˵ĶԻʲôˣ

Ц߹ȥⶫǺöҸ󳦳ԡ

β嶼Ķ㵽һߣ¹Ұ챻ѬˣҪԾԼŪĳ԰ɣǲԣ

ЦЦ˵ȥۣκһӷ˳ҰЩ˵ӱ߰ɡ

ںӱϴϴ˽ӽһʱڼһΣϴõûسСֳȥϴ󳦣ǳ˺üˣڸʲôɺפ㿴һСᣬЩ׻ĳʲô

ۺʹץϴ飬飬ϴĸɸɾװ
ĳͳһ㶼ʣ漸ûгͣΨһͻ᲻ó
ǿǷʳľڡ

Ա֮ǰܵļŮҲ˼Σ̲סЦ˵󳦣պܺóԵģ

һͬ鿴֮ǰܵǸ˵¹ﰡⶫ̫ˣܳԣ㲻Ҫʴ˰

һ뵽󳦶ʿˮͷҲأϲԣллġ

ϵĳֶһ׮

磬еĴ±˰ʱʱ䣬һ׷±һ룬ζʹ˷Χ鷿µļ˷׷ʿˮ

뵽˵Ǿ仰λԷպһ¡

ɴͷӦǸãҵСһʲôﶼܱøóԣ

ͷСҿС˲Ǹã

˷׷׸ͣ¸ܱһۣһ
ԭǽԼȢ¹
Լ




24.  С   Ժ¹ֻܾźˣ

糴һΣһ˼
ЩʳҲ±ˣȥͷ

鷿ſڣվסţЦ˵ˣó緹ˣ

ͷȷߣ

˵꿴һˣҲ׼Է
ЩΪѣˣǸһ˳ԵģҸǵĻҪ΢һ£ܿͺã

һ£Ҳһ£׷ȥĲˡ
ʲôüͷָﲻƬƬ

شˣΣѪļƷרŸҵģʧѪ࣬һҪѪָָŲ˼˼ҲǼӲѪģһҪȵ㡣

һ˵꣬Źķʳ

Σܳ𣿡һɻҲһɻ
֣µͷʱ˸óʲôҵģô˾ָ

粻õô˲ӣͷ¹ˣ

ֳ˵λȵһ£ǵķϾͺã

˵Ѹȥ˳ѷʳ̳жΣϴգʱ˼⽷㡣
˰˳Է

Լʢ˷ȥСԺŷ͵

ΧСϵķʳֿţ°ͣһɻⶫܳ𣿸ղʱ¹ϴľɣ

չȥ۲죬ζأ״Ҳӣ

Ц˵ǰɽʲôûԹ³ⶫ

ͷǣҸտ˶ҳǸΣ

һ飬͵ķŽе㻬徢ž˵ζ۾˲һڽͷ˲˵ּһӣһڷʳһ׷̻ʡ

һǳ࣬Ҳ˲ϲɣҲһͱ龰ˡ

ԼϴôʱķʳǼ˲һɨ⡣
֭˷Եøɸɾ

ǳԵô㣬Ҳĳɾ͸С

˶ȥ˺ԺӿʼԷһڳȥӲγеֵֹģȵȥصζһ뵽ԼѪģɨˣ˺Ըɾˡ

ܱʱһ⡣
¹ʲôˣе㲻þ

ˣǷʳû뵽¹ôôôĶϴôɾôóԣ

ӲˣһڶûгԵ

뵽ղǵ٩¹ĻС

һ¹ϾǸң򵥽һЩͿˣ˼ԣ

źһ˾Ϳˣ

ܱտʼûתһ䣬￩һ£ϲŵͷõģˣˣһҾ͸˵һ¡

㿪ˣ֪¹źԼˣͶˣЩҰˣŮ˵ϸ

̾ȥԺˡ

ܱСԺŵʱպôһãԵһٷ

ӶԳˣվŶԺɢܱţֵͷԼԲĶӣ뿪š

¹¸˵

ſߣ˵ü

¹ʱˣȴֵлл㣡

Ÿое㲻ѵԼˣ
ѽ׼ѽ£ҪߣǶɥ

ڽ滹Ҫ¹ģɣӽ쿪ʼֻź򽫾ʳһŲᣡ

ԭԼ뵽һȥˣҲ˳ˣִһãȥһЩȥš

ܱվſڣһֹţýҲˡ

ǻ¹ѧĲˡ

ֱӾͽӹͷǷģǰҾˣҴһЩ򵥷ĲдÿдݣһݣҲߣֻҪŲóԵķˡ

Ĵ֣Ǹã鷳¹ˣ

еĸоЩ˶Լһӹάտʼȫ𣬾£ԼĿⶼ˿ƺֹ

˶Լ˾룬һء

˸ۣȼȥǰʱס£ֵܣܲܰһæ

Ѹٹһۣ̾ʹͷ¹뽲

ѾǰСʣҸղſлҪ˵ǲǣ

ͷ񣬡¹֮ǰĳֵͻ˹ﲻҪϣԺ¹ֻܾźˣκ뾡ܷԸ

һϿң˵͸ȥǰеܳЩ˶Խ̫ˣŶź򽫾ԼҲ

ǸʲôˣЩ㳼

Ȥ˼֡

Թ˶˸Ӫأ粿ļƻȥж¸ܱҲ

뵽д׵飬ȥ硣

ﾲĵģҲ֪ȥˣճ˺ԺС׾͸һһè鷿ȥ

ůϮˣӸӴͶӻ鷿˲ɫʡ

ſ飬һδƤȴ̧

һɫƣ󶨸Լϣһͷ͵ȥ

£

ͷԾʼ̣ˣڿ𣿡

ָָԱ߿ϵĲˮ

ǡԼûϢֽд׵ģȴŵĺҪһ

û취˾ĪĻţֻ˵ʱ

оһۿԼ˼

ʲô£飬

ʱڸһĲҲ˳߿һ۲

ˣ

æ֣ˣģղֵ˵ԺҲҪˣֻרźʳͺãֵǲףֽдһЩ򵥵Ĳ׸ǣҲǰˡ

Ĵָָһ£΢΢ͷ°ͣԣֽѾ׼ˣǱдɡ

Ҫܾ˵ʱ䣬˯ʱ䣬㶼鷿ʱ㣡
˵ͷ顣

ͫ׵𣬡ˣ⣬ðɣ

鵭Į̧ͷô˵רźºܱȥִˡ

Ǳ飬ҪźҲɳȥ

ҧߵǰīֽѰںą̃һˮʼĥī

ã΢һ£Ƽſ顣

ĥīָˣ˦˦첲˳ǵСףС˵Сףһī

΢΢̧ͷһЦС״ӣ¶һذĸۣëպīֽ֭˺һᣬͻȻëʼ׼Сס

ɿСмһ㣬С׾ȵĶ䣬ñȥëʣɴ۾һ㡣

˲䴫ŮĵЦ

СףִƤ첻дˣ㲻


ʮԼСԺ?1?7




25.  鱻   ߵҳ

綼Ĳɡ
ѵõĴʱ˶һңǲӦ취

Ҫôأ

ֽϺòдӣ⡣

Ÿд̧꣬ͷ͵͵һۣһ濴飬С˯棬ĳĲ࿿Ĵȣ˯

ҪԼͺˣ

һͷû̧һˮ

ߵǰʣˣˣ

⿴һۣϽˮҪ˵滹ģһᵽǿյģһᵽϸߡ

ֿһۣϽԼ̨£ЦԭѾˣȥ

Ѹ絹һȥǰԼдõùָʣˣ㿴дĶ𣿡

ֻһۣ˲ʣ̫ͣдЩ֮ǴҲ㡣

˲Ļ⼸춼̵ĲˣǸֱʳ죬üֶܴ

ʶһ⣬Ҳдˣ֪Լý̵Ҳ̵Ĳˣ᲻Լߡ

УʱԲߣ
߲ȫģ

һɵͷˣʳͱҽ̵Ĳˣдˣ̵ʱųԣһƻʳйУ˵Ҫץסһ˵ģץסθץסǵģսϾͻʹҺƽָտɴ

ĬĬ飬˼

Լ˵ķǳе˵һƵʣˣ˵ǲǣ

ͷƵ˫ϣҪץסһ˵ģץסθ

ûо⻰˵ĹֵֹģͷͣԶԶԣˣˣ⼸ӣҲ˺üĲˣҸ˵Ӿ͸ŮӲ࣬ʧѪ࣬ȷʵҪúӽ쿪ʼÿҶһѪĲˣ׼˿ں֮ǰã

һ£˲ˣ˵Ůӣ

ɫƣŵͷҡҡͷҾʹȷ룡

ԣǸΣҲŮ˳Եģ

ͷҲҡͷС˵ˣģûиκˣϣôõˣҵңôãֻٶȴܵˣ̫ƽͱҼƽЩˣ

ҲҸŮӱȣһŮӾǴŹأʧѪܸұȣʲôǺ֣

˵ϻָƽʼǳʲôҳʲô

ǣ˵רź˵ģҾͲˡ

߶˲赹ˮж㣬ЩҪæ



ʱͷȥǰдղ˵Ĵˣд־͵һۡ
ˣҲ˧ͦüرÿ۾ͣ°ͣϵ̫ˣֳֿ֮Թװеһл롣

ʵĹװоԼǰһͶͱˡ
ʶʿĭµֶˡ

㣡
ͻȻ
һ̵ֻ̻ģղԼôãǲǲˣ

̲ס͵͵һۣɫûб仯ɿ΢һЩ

ҲˣȻ˵ܸСǾͲɣа취Ѫ

ţˢˢˢд˼򵥵ĲѪʳףȥԺʱ䣬Сһͨ

İ࣬С̲ˣͱڱڱȻûĺóԣҲǳ
֮⣬һ貤ˣűԡ

ûΣ԰

ϣҩÿɫʱϸ˿ڣһѾˣ̫ˣ

˵棬Ȼ¶ŮĽüﶼЦﶼ˿ҩۣɾİײϡ

Ū룬ѵһЦ⣬ȥϢ

ſڴϣ͵ƿһ鹫ϷǸ˵Ӱһߺ죬Ҳ͵ƣűӹһš

ӼҪġ

ʱϷ

죬Ǻڶܲÿ磬綼ܳԵˣǲǳˣҪô貤ˡ

˼ͷˣⶫԵɬͰ͵ģʵǵθڡ

磬ֶһ벤¿ӣⷿûбĲ𣿡

ҡҡͷ

һˣЩ˲÷ţץͻˣӵ̫ϧˣ⼸켸ٶвˣģҽȥֿ⿴ˣһ㲤ˣûˣ쿪ʼͲٳԲˡ

һӣͷԷ

˵ڶ죬Ȼûвˣÿ绻˹ͷɽҩ
ÿһȥ㡣

㶼ܵȥˣȥ߿ҵһĸ룬ڵˣӼнһ䣬ͳ㹳

ÿһڵ򾣬ȥ㣬ÿζܵ

ϲ۵϶Ҳմ⡣

ģҲͲ˵ˣš
ֻԴӷֵȤֻҪпվȥߵ㡣

翴Լϵİһã¸ܱͻ㱨һΣ϶ƻţҲɻ쿴Щ飬Щˡ

Լһ鶼ðᵽȥˣ˼¹ȴ

ˣ¹ϴ·кηԸ

˶٣˵ȥ¹Ժӣᵽ

ӦһѸȥСԺԺӵʱ򣬷ŶǴ󿪵ģС׳룬Ҳûͽ˷䡣

ʰĺ룬ŮеζͣҵӣתͷҲһ㽫ӷ£ǱҲŽ䡣

ϴ·Ÿ赽Ժ·溰¹ȥˣӦš

ã

ˣ¹ղŽ˵뿴飬Ұ㷿鱧ȥˡ

ã

һֱݣŷӦ
ҪǱ鱻군ˣ

ˣϽܻط俴ͷ߿տҲʱɫ죬ķ̤ͬһ

ƫƫʱ鷿ˡ

ȶӶˡ

ǰߣ˵Ǳء
˵Ѿ鿴ء
˵ûӡ
˵
˵Ǳ鱻أ

һ裬һС鲽ǰſڳţʲôԸ

˵

ӲͷƤȥһƽˣ
Ǳ飬˿ϣߵĵطרžǱߣΪԾͻ򿪵һҳ
ңֻҪߵҳ˼ǺţԼһӾҵ
Էۿ


ѿһ




26.  Ҫ   û뵽¹ϲЩ

һΣֺٵ֡
ҿ۾ϣԼ˿˫Ŀʧ۲Ϊ

˲ᣬΨᷭҳ

û뵽¹ϲЩ

ﾾĽġ

ӿۺֻⱾ㿴ģ㶯û


ҶˣҷģֻЩʵڲÿ

Ȼˣ¹ҾðΣգǶ㣬Ƕǡ

⻰Ͳˡ
ʱҲ˲ˣ̧ͷֱֱ۾Σգ˾һ𣿡

鲻Ǵ˸ҵ𣿲ĵʱ򿴿ʱʲô⣿

㡭ᣬɫĪ⣬Ӹտʼɻ𾪵һŭ䲻

ôʹ

ⱾδǵʱʰַŽģҲҵĴø㿴飬ڿʼ㲻źˣȥԺķţʲôʱؼң֮ǰһ㣡

Ľ˵ãѹǮңԼߣ

ͷۣôô֪ôͲܹԹȥԺţĴۻ飬һԲѵӣԼӡ

˲Ͷ

⺰һܿϵ
кηԸ

غ¹úôںԺ
תͷҲֱӳɫܶסˣ

ӹһ飬ںԺúÿⱾŮѵ

ˣҲҶ˵ʲôϵ飬¹ɣҪΪѣ

˦һ¸첲һãһ£Ұѻ˵꣡

οԼҽڰ֣˵

򽫾ֻǿһ飬ǶǳˣóʲôͶˣΪһѧˣֲֽģôѧ˷Ӧ֮ҶⱾǴдģдӵԲԣдΪʲôͲܿ

һ߿ԼҽˣϽ˵¹߰ɣ

˵һתȥ˺ԺСԺ̹Ŷ˵㲻ţҲܣ

Ǯ˵

ǱŵС¹ôǽģþûôˣ㿴ϽɣȻŹ㡣

߳ȥ

˵µһȴϻһᣬģȥ˯£Сײ֪СԺӣһ±ϴĲͷ

СһѱͰ͵СףҪߣ֮ҾͼˣҪúóԷԺлᣬҷˣҲһֻһèҲСףòã

Сǿһֻ۾һۣ۾˯

ͻȻ꣬쵽ȥ

żһϲ׼ʱ򣬷ղԾ

鷿ﾲĵģ۾񣬲¹Ӱȴ¹СԺӵſڡ

̴չȥСԵɣһΪѴ˵ľɶͷԣô벻ףΪһܳ

˹Ժš
ֻˣ

ҪҪȥΪ¹飬ѧʳϣ¹ߣ˵ˣ⼸Ҫ¹˵˿Ҳôָ

ԥŸô˵ֻ֮ǰεһʳУѾǰ

ⲻڣںԺţ˿أֱӽˡ

̧˺ü֡
һӾˣһµЬСſͦ֡

㲻ڼ𣿡

Сųȥ˼ǴϢк£

һڼңü۶Ů۾Ҫ˵鷿ﴫ

岻㣬첻ͣͿͣͳ޾ɡ

һ˵קŮ־ͳ鷿ãŮý˴л˵ҪԣŮƤ˼һҾʹˡ

ӣȻڱһ۾ͿȲ̫㣬̾ˡ

һ۵ǲˣ

Ů˲ͺۿ磬ҿ˿ڣСʱһ棬Ϊ˱ңͿĹȣڿĵ

ں˸ţǰ鵽ڣҲˣŮ϶ϲ磬磬϶Ŀġ

ŮǴ﹫ϵŮȴ磬˵˹ϵ죬确硯ܿ

ֻŮˣرζˣͷֻƤ

˻ʲôܣ
ѵϲģ

еżشʲôȴʲô˺һᣬЦߣ˵ˣŮչ㣬ŮӼұϾϸ߶ǴˣһعصĹѸôչ˺㣡ҾȻȥˣ

ĿɿڴŮչˣ
ͬˣ

ʱһͨ
˵ͷ

ߣɺͳ
˵꣬ŮવĿ磬չɣҺ۰磬Сʱ˵㲻ޣô꣬һֱڵ㣬ҾҪչ㣬Ҳ»ֻҪȢҾУ

еģô¿ЦҿųģСǴѧϰĵ䷶ȥӶʵ𣡡

ýζ
ȴ̲ס˼Ҫ֪Ů飬֪ô룿
˵ܴ?1?7




27.  һ   ָ棬ô⡭

Ů
˵ϯ֮, Ůͷһת磬ǲң¹, һ˶ߣΪʲôͲԣ¹, ڣﰲ, ֪֪˶ô˵¹ġ

˵, Ͳ¹, ھͿԸ, Դס֮, ˶ﻹ˵ȥҪ, ǰ˵ȥ嶫ͷ㱻½ѧĴ, ֻҪ뿪Ҫʲô, һ£

ĬĬȭͷ, üͷ΢΢
¹뿪ܻ
ⵣ

һ뵽ͷۡ

Ů粻˵, ɫɻһЩЦЦ, һ취԰¹

ʲô취׷ʡ

ŮܲˬԼǸѸ̫ˡ

Ϊҧҧ, Ц˵Ҹ¹һסͲ˵лˣ˵ĻֻҪҳȥ˵¹еߵöˣͲ˵ĵģ

ȭͷɿʶͷǸð취ֻˣ

Ůģ̵ͷҲֻ࣬Ҫܰ磬ôС

ɥǣôߣסߣʱѾˣԼ㣬չ˺ˣ洫һ϶Ϊ˱ȫԼס

Ϳķˣǿǽ˰

˵лΪھ

ȥԺ¹סһ䷿⼸ҷ䲻ҪǽԼ

һŮͷɣ
ﲻ⣬ŮĿžһʢ˵ĸоʱ°̧ĸ߸ߵģԼƵġ

һɹŮԺߵʱһŮ˵ݴĳ衣

ȻªЩûϵֻҪԼ޽϶ᱻʰķǳƯ

Ժ鷿ԶˣŮһ˵ǸǰɣÿԼԷ˯ʱ˵һ¡

˶ܡ

Ц˵ǽ˭ҹʣֻڳģ鲢֪飡

ԱߵԼڻ¼ܸǵģֻ£

ŮתתӣЦ˵ǣǾūˣ

ֱüͷūţôôŤ
ˣƾǾūţôˡ

һĿ⣬Ц˵ΪҲô˵ʲôԸ˵ǽĿǣ

ţ΢Ц˫۱վôô˳ۡ

¹һ飬ǴĹԺ͸һס

˵꣬ŮͲˣһſСԺӣмʲôа飿޼ҿɹˣﵱū澻ࡣ

һ˵һתСԺӲС䣬˼룬Се˯

û𣿡վſڣһζ
ĹҪܿϣǿˣ

µЩˣսϹĽ飬Ϊǵôܰǵūſ

Ů棬̣˵䣬ǰģ㲻Ҫ֪ôҪҲģҿ϶㣡

ڰ֣㣬㿪ľͺã

Ů˸ᣬΪͰԼæֹάû뵽⸱ӣֲ˶
úã

͸

ø˳۵˷ϻֱǼ˼
ղߺŮĶԻû֪ʲô˼͵Լ

Ȼ˵ԼаˣǲǲԼˡ
ҪŮ飬ǲˬ

֪ԭ֮һСǰһԹŮģҲ𣬼˾ͽУΪ˵䳤ñÿͼǺˣҪѹһͷ

Ů磬︸ĸֳܳĴֱر

ⷽ棬Ůһֱܵ⡣
ԼӦС㣬䣬ٺÿź˵
ֿ๫˹Ѹֵ½ҼȮһưܵŮˣԼûñˡ

˵͸Լһˡ

һתСһ·۾ȥ鷿
ںУ˵ˣȥݡ

Ů˵ţһͷȥ˳磬¹۸ң

ںĿɿڴſڽࡣ
ôϹ

ղںԺֻۼûһֻ۾¹۸

¹
ҪŮ⣬Ƕûӹ

䲻һ˵˲ġ
ô۸㣿

꣬ſ΢΢ҡͷ˵ס

Ůͷֻǵᣬһί˵ӡ
ǰίֻҪڳ⸱ģͻһкͷ˵رĳˣ͸Щ黰д˿˾뱣

еͷۡ
ʲô²˵һҪ޿䣬ίƵġ

һԱȣ¹ˬˬһЩﻰ˵˷Ѿ¡

̾ĿƵ⣬¹ﺰ

ЦȥԺ
ŮһҪ亰ʱеˡ

˵Լб
˵رÿر
Ϊʲô࿴Լһ۶ϣ

ɱʱѾ˺Ժɿ˵Ů֮ǰΪڽǰ˵ǷԼղ˵Ļ

˵һ¹˵ϾǽųģֶŮĹϵţ϶һŵ㣬ֻҪ㱻˵Ҳû¡

ͷİɣҲϣ

˵鷿ȥһֱȥϰŵ硣
˿ڻûȫãҲ֪ȥ˿ûб

˳߿Լȣ֪Լ˿ڣͻȻԼ֮ǰ˵ʵڲס

ҪʣԱߵŮͻȻתŶ˵½㣬治ǹ˵ģҾǺ㲻ͬҸһ˯˵ģϣԺһע⣡㿴ҸǺѵķϣҪһʶ

ŮСüꡣ
׵Ůˣ˳Ϊ

ס̲谡
̲ɼˣִǸ̲裬ҪǸȥ֪Ҫڼܶ

ŮǸģͺίһ㡣

ЦǰһˣʣҪҶ𣿡

ŮһѹԼʱе飬ҲǣҲǡ

ͷǴ﹫ϵ֪飬ԺԼ䣬žͲô˵ˡ

һжµӣ񣬡ллˣ˵˾ͺãȻ飬ҾͷˣΪҸﵱū澵ģղ˯ķ䲻֪Լ˯϶Ѹ˯Ҳã˵ҽ㡣

˵Цſһɫ׵ŮȻ飬Ǿͺ˵Ȼ޹ˣƽûʲôһ˯˵ƣǸ£

ı⣬ȲҴٵȼ죬ʲô˵

ˣˣúϢҸȥˣΪ³˯ʵǲ¡

˵겻ɷ˵ŮļԺߡ

ں濴һͷˮ֪«ʲôҩ

˺ԺŮѿֱۣĨɾС˵Ҹ㽲ҲƽϣҪǰˣУԺҪ˵ģҿ㣡

ǰϲ㣬ˣҲ㽲ĿǰֻʱģҾͻ뿪һ㶼ϡͷһٶʮģ

ŮЦ޺ǾͺãϡҲ䣬ϾѾ޹ˣҵ֮ѽ֪֮

ԵģˣԺҾͽ㽫ˣǰͽ㣬˰ɣ

ŮԽԽߣæһƣС

ʲôˣȥ˷䣬Ьϴ

Ů˫ֲ⣬ʲô˼˯Ҹʲôûôģ

˵߳վСԺſڣڳſڹۣŮűüó

˵û˻Ӧͷû̧һ¡

Ҹ˵أūţ

Ц̧ͷյĸ첲ϼⱩ𣬡ūأ˵

䣬Ůͷһ

ûûʲôʣû·ȥӱϴ

ˣ¹ѾϴˣϢɣ

ŮһˣǺðɣ쿪ʼҵ·Ҳ¹ϴˣʲôҴ˼лģһһҶ˸ԣ

ﰵһżЦãūżˡ

۱Ц˵ͦ˼
ԺһЩ

簴ķһ˷˰зˡ

Ů۶˴лһţ͵һڣһĸŷһһ˹ȥȻںԺһֱȵ̶˻
ͷ˶ԸɾˣΨдлֻССһڣľԭⲻͻˡ

ͷ˵ūŸղķԸȥˣǽ˵ϲԱҶ˻ˣһ⣬ܱǸ

ŮһΡ

̽ʵǣҪһ飡

Ͻ˵ҲңūôҳĶԼų԰ɡ

ŮŽﰲԷ̾ӹȥǰһ죬ϣһ飬ֻܳһ鰡СʱûԹôóԵıӣҪסҵĶ飡

ͷûһ˿ʳ
ҡҡͷ̰ɫˣϲ

ʱһ˻ˣȥ鷿Ժ

Ůһ˵ĽŲЦüͷ̧ơ

ֻĸ׳ӣ׳ŵȥݡ
ȴ˺ÿˡ

̾ͺˣ͵͵һ
ÿ͸Щһ治֪߳ܣ

һһŮģһ㶡
ʶŮ

Ҫ˵Ա߳ɤӽ
Ϊ˱ҵֵð㣬һ¡
˵ָ˵λūţλܱūţλأҵĴūţλūűſڵģūţ

˵곯Ǽۣǣ

һ£¹Цļڶ˵ūˣ

ŮۿǣǵԾǺ⣬һ뵽Ժ˽ˣ𾴣ã
ʱ򼸸ѾӣͿԹ֣ſڣֻҪʱʱ̿ߵӡ

ˣСǡ

¼񣬸Ͻȥϴ֣ʮֿŵҸ˵һˣ㹳¹ģ⼸죬ȥ㣬ÿ춼ܵü¹˵ˣر˿ڻָ⼸ǽȥʢ

ܱһл¹ģ

˵Ա

ŮһתҪ˵һЦŵȻУпվӱ¹ҲûмˣҵöӵôȻȥѧϰ

ŮһΣڣһһ¹еĽţر

磬ΪʲôԼôã¹ôУ

ղŶҪͱǳԵģǿģ

һᣬǶԼһӱһڡ

ºһٳһڱҲ԰ϵõ¹洫ˣ

üͷһڣͷԶԶԣ㱳Ҹ¹͵͵ѧϰ
¹˵д˲ףжٸˣ

ǻͮͮ˵ǽ˵ҽʳĲ˲ҾдʮóԵĲˣʱ

ŮǳԵ̻ʣ˵ѧϰˣЦ

èոУ϶ԼĶ֡

Щ˾ǿԼˣŲҳԼıȻ̵ʲô

ǳԵô㣬볢һڣסˣ

һȥ鷿ڴţҲ鷿

鷿űϣڼ䣬ֻˮʱһֱ鷿

һֱʱ̲Ž
̫Ѿ

˯һ磬ŮСԺ濴ǱŮѵ
ģû

ʱ»ûһͻÿдҪ

ʱˣԾȥŮǰ档
ɣ

㱣֣úź򽫾˵ҪʮָմˮЩֻɣ

ŮرãŶ̬ҲһЩ

䣬ʵͦͬģ˵úõˣ޸ˣûͬ˾ˣҲǵùź壬ԺѽֻҪҹά㣬һǻģҿϣҲһ

ʵڲ˵ϽͷԶԶԣģȥԺţ

Ůתߣֹſڣֻعͷ˵˵һˣ˵Ǹӵġ

ľ仰ֱӣĳʣ˵ʲô

Ů̾ʵҲ˵˼䣬Ҳûϸʣҹ⼸ͻ㣬ǰ㣬и׼ʵҲǺ£Ů˻ҪģҸʲô˾͹ʲôӣ˵ǼǴ廹ǿԵģȥ˹Թͺã

˵꣬ſڣղ˵Ļˡ
¹еί

ôõˣôˡ
УһһҪ߽һֱûŮˣЩҲ¹ȽģòиˣҪѽ
ã檣Ҳ޸˺ã

ŮһתһϽ˵˼ūͻˣ

ŮԱãҲ˳һۣ˵ȥ鷿һˡ

վ֣Ůż𣿡

ҡҡͷֻ¹ȥû㣡

Ůһʧ䣬漴˵½ȥ

һۣ¹ڼСãĸĿɰرЦʱһüȴַ֣ŮȣŮէһÿ࿴۾һ̱



ק¹н㣬ȥһȥ

ѵð˵Ȼָ¹ȥ˾ȥãȥֻһ˵ϲعصˣ

⻰Ůˡ

ÿŮ֣·ͷǰ鷿

ſڣͣ½ŲܰԼǲعصˣЩڽÿ飬˵ϸԼ𸴣ѵھҪԼ

𰸾档

еԥ̧ţȴû˽ߵˣ˭Լã

ûˣ
Ů˵ˣĵְһˣһӵˣ˵ԼԹͺù
Թأ


ûţѾ
ƿţ߽ȥ¿һۣ̾һӡ
ɣʲôĴܽܡ

ʵڲУ뿪ӣܱȱڴĥá

ˣ˿ҪҪҩ
ЩأǱٰܵһҩ

ţһֱôãһμһصӣܲһ̽

Ǿͷ¹ٰһһҩ

ٰһҩ
һᣬ˵Ϊʲôɬ̡
Ҫˡ
ҪԼˣ

ܣǰͷһ水ȷĲ²˿ڣҩĩϸɾĲ

ϷŵŨܵĽë۾һֱᶶĶˣСĽģ֪ر˶ί

Ҫڣһһ֣µˣ֪Ҫˣ֮ǰٽһ飬ˣһǲعصˣҾǺ濴˵ʵҺܲܣ

翴ˣȥο

ˣ˵ˣͦչķϣܰҳ壬Ҳȥ

ַڴϵСϣָ棬ôô϶һ㣿

˵͵̧ͷֱֱ۾

˵˼ǣ

糯ָ




28.     Ҫܴ¹һߣǶá

ɵ߬·, վԭز
Ҿվ˵ü

翴˽ţһЦ
ЦǸ񹲷ߵ, 

һ仰Ҳ˵

翴⸱ģøȤˣЦҡҡͷ, ˣ죬ȥ

ڵѪ, ˵ʲôһȥ

, 𼤶, ˵ꡣ
ڿ񾪿ֵһ, ͻȻ, ĺ»ȥ

һᰲȥңһ鶼ź, ȥû˸ҰôҰס, ȻһסҲ, ȥ, סԼұȽϺã

Ϊʲôǲס

Ϊ÷𣿡벻ԭ򣬵־ú֡

˵ŮԼ, ôԼһסġ
ʲôĵģ

Ϊ, 翴һᵽŮʱƺܲġ
ѵڳԴף

죬Ҫʱ뿪, ʱûˣһôס

һ㶣͵۾ǳʲô𣿡˵ȣ˿ڻûȫָ

ûκα仯ڵԼȣһҪŵĽг˿ڣˣ

Ͳ˹ȥˡ

Ѿ˴ǰһ˼Ѿˣ

˵Żߵ棬ϽһĹҵĻɫɰȥʱܸ㡣˳󣬰Ѻɰһţʮӣллʱչˣ

ѵõᡣ
ɰѾˣûжҲûֻĸ첲ֿںɰϡ
ĸһɰ

̵ܵȶȣʱӦץźɰ̴ƿ

˫գһطҲʧսȭͷ

һ̧ͷѯʣˣĲȥĲڴ

򴽣ʮֿ϶ܲȫֹľ񲿶ĿǰפڴڲԶһң˴Ҫǣ뻢ڣ

ͷ΢΢ͷץɰллޣҾȥˡ

һֱ߳鷿˺һᣬһȳһջ˴ϡ
˿ڲûȫָʮſԡ

ս½üޣݲ飬⼸ǴԼȥʱѾ졣

¹ͻȥõİ취ʱչŵ㣬ܸܲ鳤ԣ

Ϸһֲ飬
һԷĵʱ쳣ŮտʼҲ֣˼ɫͻ䣬ﻹſӾܡ

ȥһܽ˵ĸף
ôˣ

ʱסˣҲܣԤϲ֪Ůĸġ

ȻŮĸĨᳳҪסŮҲһȰš

һ飬һߵŮһۣͬһ㡣
ҵŮǸƻŮô˻ؼң簡ŮڰԺôˣ

Ůˣ֪ĸǳһ

վź棬͵͵ֲԶĴиӰһȻֻһǿˡ
ŮĹù

ʱˡ
ߣҪЮȢŮġ
һϷ

ſϻţһתȥ鷿

ĶѾˣ·˽ȥ
ϵæţס˫ۣˣʲôû

뿴ʲôʰ׵̧ȾҪȥϹ֣

ˣ֪ĸ׵𣿡ſڡ

šüûףżȢҸղſڿˣͶⲻԶҲ£˳ɾ⡣

͵תһץڣ㽫ǰʣ˵ģ

ǧȷ

ˣɿͷüСϿҵ¹ɷһæ

죬Ը⣬˵

˻ߵǰ˵һͨ
Ů𣬼ͷ˿ζеͷΣٽһ
ò˵꣬῿һЩȵͳˣ

һ飬˶ͷ˿ףȥ

̫ǿˣһԼԼˡ
ӻô

뿪˷ţһŸоһЩһȥſڡ

һſھͿʼ̾߳ʲô˵ⱲӶòˣǻ

Ҫȥθһ˵˵ԼĻƻŮܰװ׷һ֡

ֵʱǸŮ˵
ʱˣӣʶͷ䰡㰡ĺòˣ

ֹ棬Ҳһš

ȻģǰǶæźˣҽˣ˵ⱲӶòˣ˾ǺӰǣԲûиǣŮһǰɣǽȥɣôȱһźģҪü޸ǲã

˭Ҫ޸͵һһսĽǽ𣿡˵Ůۺվ̨Ͽޣȥ첲̶һ

̴Сֽʲô˼ղŲ˵ýŮһôֲȥˣǿĴ˰Ժô죿

ҡͷЦֻȥŻһ¾ͺã˭֪ôһ

ܱǶܵ鷿һţһɫˣرֱܱӾԼһ⡣

綼ֱ´ȥˡ
¿ɰѼŻˡ

ܱ޳ˣҺ㣬ϽãŪˣһȥҾҽûиõư취

ʵڲУȻҲУ

˵꣬һϲֱӾͽˣ

ˣ
粻֪ϲǡ

ˣߵıӻ죡

ͷһӹеĿ⣬ͷ۵һǣȥ¹ɣ

ܱҲջָӡϽȥ

ЦˣЩ˶ԽôģҪԼȻǹĽ飡
ʱ֪ԼղŵЦˡ

ղŴ취ƭߣҾʱⷢӣ˵˵ⱲӶòˣû뵽İˣ

ˣһοҲǹģӸղһհףھͿʼϹұⲻҪ

ѽҲˣǽû£Ѿ´·ˣǲҪˣ

˵һˣСŻԼ䡣

һֱ˯ûгȥ¸ܱԺСŸ˵һͨ

콫ȥһˣһЩ飬Ժౣء

һȾĻ죬ֻѣͬġ
ʱ˵ԼعأԼŮѵ

뵽Цһ
ҪֿˣҲȰԼŮѵˡ

ȥСԺǱŮѵʯûУҲûУﵽһ飬ûС

ʱЩա
֪պˣĵʱԿĹôдŮѵģʱҲ«ưдһе¡

ԽԽҵǱŮѵ

ž˯ˡ

ҹʱ֣һʰãǰס¡
¿һۣ̾ˣƵԺվĴ£վ˺һᡣ

Ǹõĵϣֶһ飬ȥ¹ҰźãǸǸƤ֪ô˵

µͷİɣ

Žܡ
Ϊ¹룬¹ҲΪԼҽ룬Ҫܴ¹һߣǶã

ڶﾲĵģСҲ֪ȥˣţֻڳſţһЦк¹ˣϴֳԷ

ʶ棬أ

Ѿˣ¹ͻؼȥǻϡ

һļٵģ

ͷ˲ʧ鷿ȥƲסԼĽţȥ

鷿ﾲĵģʰ룬̺ѾôֲǺˡ
ǰһ컹鷿˲ȥգǸڴѵѾˡ

ܵſڣŹŵģѾŴ򿪣ûˣҲˡ

Ǹˣ

ЩӴĵһĻˡ
ʱһѾꡣ
ڣǲˣ֪ȥҲ֪Ժܲټ

һ뵽ӽ쿪ʼҪԭİļˣͷꡣ

ׯΪǣﶼˡ

ʧǻصԺѾĵʢ÷ˣӰڵ룬¹ҲҪģҲΪ㿼ǣսϵۣһ㶼̫ƽȥȫ˼ȥǾðͻؼȫ

еӳԷĿڶµãɤƵģ˵ҿڣ¿޳

ǸܰԼ޸Ҫ˳ϲ֮ղһ˳Ϊ˵ֶµʱԼŮ˵ѾԼҵһӵˡ

ѪԼȥܰȫ

ӴŴţԤ͵ε

һԿţֱ֣֪ô塣

ƽ¹ﶼǴֵģһ߽һ죬ڱֻſޣﶼ

¹ѹԷ

Ứ̧ͷһۣЦŵͷ룬һһϡȥͬԼˮ

ҳԱˣҸһʰɣʰҾͻȥˣϽȥǻϣǽϵ˿ڻûȫǵòմˮܳ

˵˵ˮˡ

ͻȻһ£Ͻؿͣ¹ǽһš

һѽӹȥ㲻ЦңҾǰ㶼ˣҪǷֿܣ᲻ǽǶǺˣǸһˣȻѵˣĺܺã

屻˵ۿˣ֪֪͸ǵһ

ؿһЦվˣǱɿˣϽʰ

ҲЦֽʰ롣
¹ȥʰԼĶͺãʰˣʣ¹롣

̻Լ˯ķʰ·
¾ͺˣŷڿǵһǸԼĶ˳־ˡ

һϡ

շ£ë¿Ľ˽š
վű𶯣ԼܳȥȥһӣһЦݡ

¹㸸׺㣬ؼˣ

һɻôã
¸ܱʲôֶΣ

ŴúԼ嵶غţİ⡣

Цеĳ幰֣鷳鷳ˣ
л꣬ſ
Цŵģص׹Ǹܵˡ

䣬ߣؼңҸרȥŮҽë¿ؼң

еӭҪ֣㿪ˡ
Цһ£ãǾͲ鷳˼ҾүˣЩ죬㲻ڼᡣ

ʶתͷһۣţͷһ¹ȥ⽻¹ǶйˣؼҺ²ƴҵֵѾȥǼˣýҲˣȥͲҪΪ¹ˣ

ͷ᲻ᣬҲŮԼŮôΪ

һͷȥ·̱ͲԶʮҾ͵˵ߵ

ԶԶܿҵķ

վסţİݸ¹Ǿڴ˱ס˵ĻౣأǺڣ

һ

ߺʹԹͻộ˭أ

һȰˣǻˣ

˵곯˵ãߣ϶˺óԵģǰһ˯

ͷһͻȻֳԭһμ䡣




29.  İ   ˿ĶǶ硭

ʱ, ΧھӶҰСһ۸ȥĸ, ĸװ˵ҰСʲôޣ

ܲ⣬㳤ĺ, ΪʲôҰС
װɽ϶ûǳԵ, Ӳ

С, ֻдһ, Ǻһ, ΪŮ, ҪŸĸһãȻԵܵΪء

ټѾ, Ҳܶż»

ڴ嶫ͷ, Ҷոն飬Ů

߰, ЩϵƵ׹, ԭ½Ĺùá

Ѿſڣһ, Сӣǳ, ǲ񷿡Ҳ䷿һסˣһ
ϱԺǽ»һѣֻĸ

ǸССĺԺ

⿴˿, ߵһˣݺԶɽ£û˼ҡ

ԺûˣݶͲð̡
һë¿ӣҰë¿˼ңȥæ

֣СŬŬ죬˵ߣϾ˯ݡ

˵ţ˳Ҷ˯ݣ

ͷ㣬ۣһ⣬Ķ˼Ӱ·ŵĹĹĵģŶɥǻˣ

ֹ˼˵˵ʲô
˵꣬ĸϳڳſڣһõ˼˵ˣ

Ҷһίĸ˵סݡ

Щ޴Ŀĸףǽһֱסݡ

üͷٴӹͷҶԸͲסɣȥʰһ£֧˯ˡ

һֱû˵Թۡ
˲˵˰һж
˾ģ

ȥȥһˮ

˼һԺΪӭɥǻרŸ˺ɰˮ

ЦЦתЦЦߣʰһҲסˣ׳ޣǰЩһס

򴽣˵ûϵ
ûϵֻҪǲеط˯Уǲ񷿡
Ŀǰ棬ǴҪġ

Ŵ򿪣վſڣǽϿũߣľͷм䣬洰һľסĹߣＸûжٿط

̲סüͷôסˣȥ˵˵

Ҫߣһסãʰ

˵ӹ߽ȥŲŲӴɾĻңŰѰȥ
ӣͷץһԺ˳ִԱߵɨһС̶ͣͷ

һֱ䣬仯ͦģǰġ

˫ֲƻҪôʰתͷ˵㣬ָˣ˵һ¡

˵ѱũ߳ᣬǽʼڣţٶȻǺܿģƵϿſڵλãһߣðũߣһ߾Ϳ˳

ʰ˳Ӱɫݸһ飬ѿڱǸסҪɨˡ

˵Ѹס°Ժһϵ
ŷ۲ҪȥҴˮһҪӺʹ

ͷֹ˵ʲôŤȥˡ

СóԼɨĿұ죬ϺǽϵĻҳɨɾҳſھһѡ

ôһˮӹȥڿճϣתȥһɫ޲ˮšɣҪ

ֻûȥͱץסˣȵȣôõĲң̫˷ˣ

գգۣĲ
ղҾ˵ûü䣬Щģ½ǲЩģ

˵۾סǸĹҵİղžǴǸ鲼ġ

ƿ֣Щ㲻ҪˣһһЩܶҶòš

̾۰ͰͶôõĲҡ

飬ˬˣ˼кˮҲڿˡ

ſڷһСӣҶ˼ڰʣںúѸٰռµСľʣףжһࡣ

Źȥ

ϴֵʱƳһϣһ룬˼ɰҶһһûС
Ǹġ

һ뵽Ļ
Ǵ֮ġ

ѹ£ʵǿڿˣֱţǿһߡ
϶ϼŰɰֱӷŽ

ɫ䣬ܵ壬ˣԲ˼ﷹˣżҲͣѵûԶٺõģһֻĸµ죬ܹĸµġ

˵Ա£ȣһˮôġ

˵ʱ¶ĵơ
͵˰ֻ۾ƭԼ˵Լһֻˮ

磬ƭӣ
һ顣

ϻ˵
һ齣ǰùģһһ̧㷿˯Ҷ׼ˣʰұ㡣

һˮͷ
һɫҪ߾衣

ˮʱ̲סѸղķɫó׼룬ȴһۿһѴùҿһģ

˿ѵõ̫ÿˣ

ҶҲסˣվ͹ſĸױ󿴣ҪһҪҼ޹ȥһ˿öãԱߵĹ϶Ľҵģ

Ƥһ
ⶫԭ˿ֲȥģ
ģģ

ЩȻܺô̴̵İѰˡ

һҪʱͼˣץסʣãղ˵һЩǰɣܲҲͼ

Ϻһ

ɫĪ⣬֪뵽ʲôͻȻͰѶӵù˳ֲһɰŽ

˼ʱͲˣһӵȥ˳ڵҡŵſʼ֡

ʲôɥǣҵļԣ

˼ֻСһ꣬ҲǸɣ˵ˣӿȥɵӡ
Ц

ѵûȥˣĳ䣬Щģ˵˵

ԼƵ˼ǱߣҲԺɰܵܰɡ
ǲԣȹ룬ӶģҲشϵĻ

Ѿ˵ףǰӾǴģʯͷطôôõĲϡ

ҲǣôõĲϣԼǿϧˣ

˼ԼĺɰˣҲˣĺɰߣһˮҲˡ
껹̧°

ϱ

վ˺һ˫ֽշǰһϣһ䣬򽫾ɣ

һɫ˱仯Ӳ䣬ССʲôô˽ۡ

ûƽ

ı֮΢΢ͷ䣬˵ô˵ҶģҪҵĻ

ͷĲ٣ҲĻ£ǣڼס䣬Ҳ԰ֻϴԼ·ǲҲ飡

Ŀɿڴ
Ůˣ

ղ˵Ƿʱ򣬾һİˣɢſܺͲɽӽϢҶ˼סˡ

ƨޣܻһĭǽߵıⵣ

ҽ첻ʰһ٣ӣȥ˶Ժȣܻ¼ŷ磬ʴʡ

˵ⵣ˹

Ŵסһһ㣬һⵣ
żˣˣ򽫾ô죿峤ǼҲ鿴ô죿ѵ

˶٣ʢŭеˣҧ˵ѵ㲻ҪǮˣ򽫾˵ˣÿ¸һӣһӰ׬

кһ졣
˵׼ˣȷʵ׼ˣȫ׼

˵λǮλȫλѹǣֻϣԼṩһԾסĻ

ʮֺڣ֪ϵɽ»𺣣ҲҪߡ
Ȼûȫá

˿ĶǶǣҺΡ

㶵ʱҲƽѱⵣһˤҲԺ͸ڼţŶۣ

Ϻȥ䣬˰£ȥ̧齣ɨɾһ飬̧źãȥԼѱ챧

µģ׼þɵģǾղһ⣬ϻ˴µģĲ˵ܿһõһӣһʲô

̴ʱ۾İ顣
ֱӹȥڰǰ棬ǴĶ˭Ҳ
֮ǰ˵ģҲˡ

һʰãȥõˮԼڴߣЦ˵ӱһʰӣͰڼסޣͰᵽǼ䷿ȥס

ס¸ʲô
׬˵

ĿڣͻȻ˸ԼŻûпͷװͷۣЩ˵ȥæϢᣬղűҵŵͷۣԴӱɾ֮󣬾ͳˣһľͻͷۡ
ϸϽɻᣬϢᣡ

öˮϽӹϣϢ

һߣ̹ţӲգҸӶϣɿ˰ˮЬһʼ

˵־ˣ˧ʷӲʣһЦʼ
տͷסˡ

һץ·׹һɻ




30.  ľ   Сףôˣ

˴פĵطڴҲİɽ
פ, ¥һЩֺʿ

γһڴֻͣҪֹҾٱȻԲ˶ߡ

һа׵, Ŀ񣬹һᣬһ, ߡ
ˣȺȣ

ûб, ۿ, ʶʵ廹û

û, ƿˣĿһ۴˵ɫ, е, ˣ¹⽻, ˵ǲʲôʲô˿ڻָ

Ŷһ, 䡣
̲סһ, ֮ǰ¹ΪԺõ, һԣ㷿źǼ, ͵͵ֽ涼רΪдĲ

β, ̧ͷд£

ͷ¹Ĳؼң˵¹ĵָ¹һ, ˸ţ˵ֻҪ¹ܺúùȥ¹Ը֡

͵Ĵµ棡

ͷ

Ϊʲô˵

˵һվȭͷĽģһ߸Ͻ˵ˣȱż¹ܱȥˣʱΪÿһӣҲ޳ȥ

ϺǣӽҿһЦֵ¹ҲǿСӳģѵöһôģʲô

һۿԱߵչȥţ˭ģ

˵꿴Ҳİɣ϶Ǹ¹ģ԰ɣ

Сǰ¹ﴵеޣȥΣһζûĶź

˵ų縸ķ򹰹֣һ˵磬Ͱ߰ɣĺöٹһӣҸ㿴ţ

һ͵ЦͷԼҽһƽѾûзӦˡ

һÿۣ¶˵Ĵȣҽҿ˿ڣʱտȫȬ

˵һͷ

ҲգЦǺǹȥϸһߣȻ֣һףָã

ɫһɣô

ʮգ͸ǰһɻˣ˵ֿʼЦǲȥ¹

ֻʮվͿȫָģ壬ȥæȥ

ôҲȤ˵˼Цתһ䣬¾ң˦˦ͳȥˡ

ߺ飬°ʢһ
ͷû̧ʼͼ˼ս¡

ǰգֹս飬Լðºںˮ̶һս
ֹһνսܴ⡣

СĴߣͣУֽС׹ɹĻȻУƺѰĳˡ

»һսţ˵һСȥ

һ£ЦŴӦŽһ꣬ϲ̵ĳȥ׼ˡ
**

Ŵͷһ顣
棬˴һ𣬻Եټǰս֣֪Ƿ񻹼ǵ׹ʮǰɽϾʱģϣܺʱε£㶼ܼǿĻȥ

ͬʯһ㣬ԭԭȵģԭվʱȹһΣʱپһΡ
˵ȹΡ
˵ҲȹΡ

һֱӣͷβûб
ĥɰŹ⻬ָпֲõʱ翴׹ʱЩ֡
ôԼ֣᲻Ҳ׹йأ

˲ûйϵڶйϵˣϣսһ˳Ҫ£

Ųغã۾룬˯ˡ
ǱѵģԼԼ˼ϤЬſ

Ժ긾ŮڸִҶһ߿ޡ

ֻһۣͷƤ飬Ϊһʶ
֮ǰ½ϡ

˼ҲˣǸͱҪ˻İԲŮĸףҶδţŮĸ

ûŮ⵵£ҲͰˣڰӻʵǻϽ˻飬ҶȢס

ҴԴǴܷȶûЩʱԲ˯ãŮãһ˻һᣡǼҶҿɲȢȥ

վԼſڣҶһ۾ͿˣָеҪˣǣΪʲôҪҵĻ飬Ҹ綼ԼҪһúùӵġ

һ˶ر½ϣֱӾͺۣȳȾ߳壬ҧгݵӣ޲ð̻ˡ

ðӣûпɽ˰ɣ򽫾ڴˣҿ˭ұ㣡

ÿ죬һת˷ŹϣùӶʵˣƾײ

߲죬⻹ԭԼЩ˾Ŀŵ۸ˣ

һܿڴĵλ
˼ҶˣǼһ취ûС
һ̣֪Ǹÿ޻ǸЦ

˻ײֱŷܴ½㵨죬ԩҺ˵Ҽ֣Ͳ򽫾ʰ𣡡

˵ãһ˵½Ͼ͸һײţбҲ˺죡

ŭЦֲɵӣ˺Ҹ˵򽫾֮ǰ֪鷳͸峤ˣÿҼѲһΣҪҺúõľû£Ҫи̣Բ˶ߣ

½ϴķˣǶˣԼҲˣЩѹͲϡ

ˣһŻиʲô Ҳˣһ߻и汳ġ

еͷۣզ죡
ܲܰԼһӲȥɡ

ţǱãһǺãҪƴ룬Ǿ鷳ˡ

æȥſڴۿ
ֻһӸ߸ߵ濴

ӡŮĵܵ˳Զ꣬Сʱɻҡ

ɫԺЩ˲һԥˡ
ɲɵԺ½ϿùãǲԼˡ

˳Զż䣬㲻Ҫ£ģѴҴȥһطš

ߵ봰һ㣬СߣҲߵģ߰ɣ

½ϺȥˣֵСЩ

ﰲЩ˳ԶߣŴֱ̾ȥ﷭һһ׶೤׿ڴߴӣȥס˴

˳Զֽ˼ûˡ

ֻصſ飬ĸ½ϵ̸š

ҿȥǰ취һӽ׵ĳ˳ȥ

Ȼ½һ̾Ÿ첲վҪ˺
ԥ̧ӳĿһ㣬ǰһͣѹһ飬½ûվȣһƨڵϣˤ֮ǰĵط

۵ϰϽл

£ͱѣĸףı沣ŵǣҶҲ۾

˳ֳⵣ˫־ţˣ

ɥǣͲûΪ߰㣬¿ˣ

ľǰվסһÿµһӻҪҪˣ

һ㶣ͣ½ŲֳҶźһҪ˵ģһǮ˸㣡Ҫǲһȥ峤ۣ

䣬ſһèУһŰɫСһһԺӣһĽʹ䡣

һϲӶֱӶСױ
Сףôˣأ
˵һڴſڿȥ




31.  һ   ˵类Ҽˣ

Ժſ, ³ſڡ
Ժ˲ͣס˶ſڡ

뿴Ĺӣֿ½, û˵ӵ˹ӣ̻Цӭȥ, λүʵڲ˼ղŷһ, ôˣ

˵ĵ, ԵЩ
Ҫү۸򽫾һ˵, ÿµһӾûˡ

ǺͿ
ҶĲҲ, ԼֻҪúһ, ʮ໮

˲

½ϰվ, ҧ֪ô죬ĸ׺ͱ治࿴һ, е顣

Цһ, ϸռ, ôŰʱ, ͳ

һ, 촽ţСŮˣԺҲᷢˣүºȲ, Ҵһ¼¡

˵ϳ裬һᣬ߹ȥҶһţѾͷû⣬ֲǼ޲ȥˣҪ޸Ҫ˻ˣһͲˣ

Ҷû׻Լһ˵ϣסˡ

ת˵Ҫ˻ǰɣˣ˭˭ӣ

̬ת̫죬һʱ֮е£Աߵ河һС˵򽫾ɽ˵¡

ˣԺ¼ҽ򽫾۸Ǽô죬½ϾǻӣѾͷ๫úúõģ

ȨͻȻ˵ǲˣ֮ǰǴ£ϣ׼ҹϣε鲻ҪϣԺಹҶ

˵̱̬ƵĶ½˵㣬ԼȥɣԺҪٻҵң

Ա߸ϷƵģһоͷһ֮ڡ

½۾ϴ󣬶ָ㣬㡭
û˵꣬ͱҼųߡ
׼ҹȻȥ£˵˹ͣд˰ɡ

һת˱󺰣ԣټӡ

ҶոŵĲŷ£˵ҪӣʱӵҲ
Ҫô࣬ôõóһòҪԼ˿ô죿

ɫסҧͷУ
Ųӿ죬ӻƵ뿪Ժӡ

ЦŨһ鿴䰡ȥľү˵˵

Ц﷢ëСߵվһߵ¸ǰ
˵˿ɺã

һ仰ǹ磬¸һЦͷû£ҽ˵ٹʮ͸ǰһˡ

ˣǾͺã

¸ûй͸¶Ͼսµǰһ֪оͶһݷ

ϸſˮԺеСľϣϵλүȲ裡

ԶԣˣһһֱЦ
˽ˣΪһʵĺˡ

¸û£˵ǻҪ˳С׸㣬ӺôһЩ

С̤̤ʵʵſβе˦ţ˼һֱСףҪȴ˵

èͷһչ˺ģİɣµĻȥæﲻõġ

תҪߣվŲ¹жˣ

˶٣С׾Լߣһ£Ҹдš

ۿ䣬ſʱܿũߣ¸ǶһۣԱߵĬĬ

СŮ£Լ˵ҪסݣʰĺܸɾҶŮ޳ȥ͸СŮ

һ˵һ£˵ָ¹һ£д£

ͷϵĺ̾ͳˣϽҡͷûûУϹ˵ģûͬ⣡ܰԼСŮƣ𣿡

һۣƵĻվû˵ԹۺЧ

ݣ̴Ӱ﷭īֽ⣬һ˼ʾд
дú˫ϱᴵɣ۵װʱŷ⡣
ŷ⻹Լġ

óȥ˫ֽЦе͵

Ӻף˵ţǽʮҲ͵

ֶһŸһ뿪ˡ

ûһᣬҶͻȻʣôдţ
һŷӦֻ˼峤˽Ϲѧʶü֣Ůһûȥôд֣

ҶͿ˳ˣԼһţҪӣЩ˳ֵܣһûûӡ
ᣡ

ʣֱӾԼشˣұѾǰˣԺ䣬סˣ峤ǱѾĹˡ

Ҫ˵뵽ÿһӣӲסˡ
ľ͸İɣˣȥ嶫ͷԡ

üһۣʲô⣡˼öˣҪǮ

һԼıӣͷǺðɣˣȥĥۣͷԡ

˵˵Ѿˣͻؼȥɣ
ҪͷˣͰѼ޳ȥŮظϣһˮˡ

סһ£ĥҪ֣ٻȥȥĥȥҸ˼ڼ

תͷ㣬ͷһƽûһ˿ˣͷãҴȥϻȥʱһ㡣
˲ԺóԵģ׸ɻһϿɣҪżҴ



˵ʶãȥշ·ȥӱϴһ¡
ǽ£һ·ӦһջҪѡһϴ·

һʼĿڽ֡
һЦ˵ɡ

㵣ǵĿһۣ˵øջһŵ㡣

ϴӱǿһ뿪һ£˷ȥϴ·ĥ䡣

ȥ˳ûнκæȻͺúǿ

һ˿һܲһײ
ʢʱɹ·æ

˷˼һв˳Էһڲ˸͵üͷѸµϡ

ˣ̱ȥץź«״ˮҨˮȡ

ץӳһˣһСҲ˳ô£

һ±ҡҡͷһӲˣɫ糣ȥѽ

˵룬ԹԳԣɻѣֳһڣ̵ĳԲȥ
ǿһ㶼̣Ů

˶Բȥ
ʱͺ

϶˺üۣζ̲ȥÿˮ飬˳ǿܳԵȥ

ˣǱװͷˣԺ㲻ȥڵذɡ

ֻܵͷ

һˮŰͷطιСףһžͿǽˮ
ղſɰˣҪװ̣ʵ̫ˣ

һˮ¶ǣźЩ

ȥĥӣЩģ˼ȥ๤

տʼĥӵʱ򻹺ãŮ߳ľΧĥתǺ¡¡ž

תתţǽ²ˤһӣͽľĥϣͰĵ

ˣͣмһæ
ؼȥŮĥӡ

һת͵Ц
صҸСڷ档
ֻŸϽ̣ʱ̫ƽ˾뿪

ڶ죬ɽ񣬻ʱȳŽŵģҽѪһƬһû
ԺͿʼѾͷǱ׸ˣ񲻿ŵ㣬ӶòΣӣҪҶÿ죬ͿưˣһδָָԼԴ

ͷǶ㿪ˣͷϣǼ˹ˣ

¼˴ʱʼ˱仯Ҳǳӣһ˿˿£͸һаԡ

죬ȥӱϴ··ȫˮˣȽȥץһǵ˰ˮ̶

Ӿ֣ҪôǳˮǼֱΪϷǹ˫ˮУע⡣
ˮTM䣬ȶˣԿۡ

˺üҲûԼٸʱͿűϼֵʹ
Ұ

ֺ˺üԼˣ˳ԶŴø

ǳɽˮɱ
صңˣǿԣǷգڴֻ˯

üȥУбҩ䣬¼Ҹ

֮ǰ½ȿǸ

һԣ첻˵żôܲܺã
ҪǲܺþͿˣҪˣÿһӾûˡ

뵽
תͷͳվſڵϵһۡ

ҲʶÿһӵҪԣ˫ǰʹͷһûڡ
֪Ͳɻˣ͵˰ˡ

ź̾СŮӹǺа岻һˣճͶ˹ͷһ⣬ʪڣˡ

˯ԺģӦ˵յԺģЩڲ

֪ͲˮˣԭӱͲãԼһڣүˡ

ǵòʧ

ˣ˵ҪôΣ

ӸǱӣܴ磬Ҫúÿ찾ˮ£ÿΣ⣬ÿոЩͷԣʮտɺá

ҪʮˮϰָͷۻˣҪȼͷ

ԵĶûôã

ҧ˵һԸǽϴһȭһߺ޵Уһհ죡

𣬿ͿͳԺӡ

ʼ˱Ųÿһκǽһһټ߹ͷʱǳʲôʲô
ȻĩſڵţҲƽЩˡ

ǰգÿڱ﷢ˬĶ

ÿ˳Է˯ǿд֣ڴ٤

ڷ磬˳Զֳ˴⣬ģڴõİ졣

䣬Ҹ˵Ự

Ǹмģ·˴ѹɤӳк

Է𣿡

˳ԶЦŵͷһдӴ￴Թˣôõ𣿡

ͷСһ£˿ˡ

͸죬۾ˮԴ̬ͷɢԺһСÿ¶ͦεıӸĺ촽
Ķˡ

ֻǿһۣͿĭ
䣬ڼ̫ˣȥýף޸Һòã

һ㶣ɵСôôֱĪҪȢԼ
ҡҡͷЦ˵УǼ˲ͬģʲôݣ֪ģ

˳Զų⣬ѵֻҪңͻȥ취ô㣬ȥġ򲻿òȥ

ڰ֣ûȥ˵ˣҲܳЩ

˳Զһźû취ǰѵûȥˡ

ԴӸ˵ҪȢÿ綼󴰸죬òһЩ̵顣

˳Զʱ򣬴Ϣ
ҹڷǳкܶɽ˵ֹˣҲ˲ˣ

Щţ֪Ǳߵôֻʵ벻ͨΪʲôֹҪʯͷ塣

˳ԶиҺƣ˵ǴֻһʽСӣΪʲôֹҪǴ塣

˳ԶҿС˵Ҳ͵ģ˵򽫾ĸֹһʲôֹǴΪŮֹ֪ѪȻȥˣ͸һһֹʵϡ

ԭĸ׾ȻֹĹ

˳ԶһԾӵٸ˵һܡ

һڴ˳ԶȺģһܵͨ棬ֹҵǸܵǹ򾩳Ǿͻ׵ö࣡

˵һ裬¿ǾܣֻдＸ¸ص֪˲֪ܵ򽫾ĸ׵ĿġԣǴȻϣֹҪȹǴ塣·̫̫ԶҪƼ²ܵ

°Ͷˣֲõʱش֪
ֲֹҪ۵ʯͷ塣
ԭж죬Ի

ж֪ģ

˳Զ˵ֹյȢĻϣѾȥ峤˵ֻҪͬ⣬ҾͿԴýŹˣ

Ц֪ǲܵ飬Ҳûзϣ

˳ԶÿȻ죬ڷʮʱһõľϢ

򽫾Ҽʯͷ±סˣ




32.  ׼   ΪԷһá

Ϣһ, ǰһڣ̱ڵء
ô᣿
ôᱻҼ
ѵûã㲻Ҽ

û˳Զ˵ʲô, ѵ뿪
뾲

ڶ죬Ϣʹȫ壬峤ټش, ȫѲ߸ʾ
峤ұ֤һغô, Ҹøʲô͸ʲô, Ҫţ

ڳǽߴʮ, ΧĸͨƵġ
үү, ׳Ӱ, ϸѵһֱ

ǰ縸׻ڵʱ, ԱߵСҾǽһſ, һ˶٣ǸСҴ仨ˮ
ʯͷ, һ㶼£

ֶ˵Ϣʱ, ڳԷһ, ȷһ֮󣬾ʹһˤ

Ĺƨ, Ҳõһӣϻ˶ӣ
˵ߣһŭ, ԼԹƨҲʰ

˼ҶһЦſôʰرҶһƬԹ

⼸죬翴ߣҲǰһЦһǣ֣
䣡ҪмͣҲԼ

ۿ˹ȥϽܹȥסӣȵȡ

ͷϣһƿϵźȥͺͷ
͵վסȥת¶ϲɫ˫һģϽסϣղҳ嶯ˣϾȥ֮ǰ˵øӣֻҪĳŵڣͰ޸

ϿһķţС˵޸ǰǸӻû˾ˣͺͷ˵˵ƻŮӿɲУǸʮӣ

һתУȥǷϣȥˣ²˳٣

ϸϽӦȥҵСŹȥ̾Ͱķˡ

ͻͻֱϽȥţűˡ

Ȼˣ
ֻ֪Ҫһ˵Ϣ϶ԼѣΪ΢죬ô죡

ŰѶʰãţഩ·׼ߣ˶ӣû뿪

ˣȻû壬ȥɽֻҪԼ㣬ܻȥ

ѹͲ˳ԶĻղ˴ʱŷӦ
峤ѾӣôܿϢġ
һû˿ɽƱػ

ûüܣͱС

ùǣߣŮĸϾˣһԺӾͳϺ˵˵㣡úùܹǼҵɥǣ˳Զ֪ǸӸҶʲôԻҩڼ˺ü죬ҪȢѾ¹ˣ

֮ǰ򽫾һֱ취ô˵ҶںˣĿɽûˣҿôţ

Ҷĸ׳ˬһ˵֮ǰŮȥչ򽫾ƭŮ˵򽫾Ⱥòˣǰʱ򽫾˵򽫾ٹܸǰһȲûлѽ治֪ô£

ϵҶһۣӭȥȰ˵ϣ۾ˣ˵ôɣҶӣŮʲ£

ӣ˵ϸ첲ĳģҶµģ˵ղѾȥҡ˵

˳ˣЦŴҾ˵һ򽻺ã㲻ῴŲܵģҪע㣬ǼɲǸƲ磬˶ÿ׼ʲô۶ӣӹصס𣿡

Ҷһţݺи˵᲻ᡭ

ʱ˴һ£üͷŴ£øܸԭˡ

ⴰʵ̫ʵˣȫѹˣ˿

̾˵ǽ˹ˣ˽˴壬һ㣬һأһʱҲûа취ȥ

ҼһʯͷݵĸԺǽľľرʵ

ʱеţһƨڴϴû˽ŲһϲΪ˳ԶˣղԺЩˣʱֻϣ˳Զٴι

ֻҪϰԼӳȥԸԼǮһ롣

Ѹܵߣ⿴ֻҶ˼ľ壬Ŵӣʱһ

ã

̫ˣ
ʱ˯Ӷ˯ɵˣΣʶ˻ˡ

һֻһ߱ȻҪôŽʵ󽻲ſʼ

һӾʹӴͱ

ר׼ǵİҶܻͱԣø˰

ͱ˽˴

˺һᣬȥǰ취˼һתģ㣬ҺôãֻҪܵԸңԸҵĲָһ롣
Ҷͣһ£ƺԥ

ǴĹﶼûôõӣȥ·㻭ȥйﶼĽ㣡
Ҷ֣ѿڶļٵģ

˼Ҫѱ䣬һ£ɵƭ㣡

Ͻ˵ûûУܵܣҲкö㣬ֻҪңҸһӡ

˼ƽĸҪǮһĸײŻٿӦҪһ룬ֻһġ

ԥһ£ŵһӣ

Ͻװͷ·ѵһӡ
˶ڴ￴

Ҷסͷ¡

Ȼתߣ˼˲ͬˣ´Ӹľ壬ӸңҾͰ㣡

ҡҡͷȰҳȥҾͰӸ㡣
ֶҶ˵ҲһһѲóһڴϣȥԿףȻѼֻ֧ҪҳȥϺӶǡ

ϣãҲҪԡ

롣Ҷ˼һȥȥȷ˲ͣС˵ȴӦõӺͲϣ߸ĸ϶ܲԶ

һļϣҪȥ졣

ϸϻ죬ſŷϿԿ׾ϡ

Ҷ˼Ժֻ֮ľһһӣֵǴԹˣӶòӲ

϶˼Ҳͷ

·ˣԿ׸Ҷȥҷ䣬ȥӼᣬ˳ȰȰ˳Զ硣

ҶϽͷùԿףЦˣŮ˵һ£ȥ档

ѾֿЦˣԼӺŮ˾Ҫ޸Ǹåˣ

˳Ժӣͻͻֱ

ҶԿߵſڣѶ׼ãһҿţѶҲſԳȥ

Ѵſţأ˼Ҳվһ𡣡

Ҷҧҧ˼˹

߰е·ѾϣȻҪܣװ󣬲ܴ̫ණϺȡ

ǮУ

ҶҲܽţ¸ͻȻ׿

û

ˣ㿪ţΪԷһһӡ

ͷϸܵĺ֪ȵĻǼġ

òˣ˿ҪţͻȻ

һ£




33.  һ   ʣµҪӡ

˼Ȼó, ӹ
ղ˵һӣ͹ˣſڵȶ㿪ŵʱ, һ

㣬˵ӣ
ֹ̱㿪š

Ҷְ, æſڿΪǸ׻, ״ǲġ

, ʣô£

Ҷؿ, Ƶܵһ, ô£ˣ
˼С˵, ղ̫ɵˣ, ȻӺͲǿԵȸ׻, ˰Ļ, ǮͲȫǵģ

ҶҪͷ, 㣬֪, ЩܵЩҿȫ㣡˼õǮ, һ𣿡

˵ֶҡˣȴֻܷңѶǮռ, ȻϣøͷѴʱ˵ԼˣҲұץ˻ҲҾȡûϵ

˼촽ϲҵСúüˣҪǮܴȥǸԣ룬Զ˵ֺܲܰÿ˿

ҶǰԼʱһٸͬˣܵ˿С˼

æͷ

ΣҶ˼㿪š

˳ˡ

ʮûŵèһ¶Ͳý

Ƥ͸죬͸ʲô鵤ҩһ㣬۾ǵʱ򣬶һ

˼ôÿ޸ǸϧˣӦü޸һٵģиǮ

һӣһż㣬Լȥã˼ȥſڣҳǰӸ㡣

ҶһֱӾҰ
Ѱڱ棬ᣬķǳҪһʱ䡣

ҹ̳ͣſȥ˼ק·
ǰͣתһӽһ˼࣬ʱˣҸӲֹһȫҰ򽫾ɻ׬Ǯڶ㣬ףԺһ˳Ҳ棬ÿǵðյֽ

˵أ˼ежǰߣžͺ˵ģҲĺˣѵ㣬գɽߣҪԺ˸ˣ˵ܵܰ

۾ͷʮֿ϶ǿ϶׵ܵܣֻһܵܣҪǮˣ϶һ룡

˼¶ЦݣͷϽߡ
û۽ǣſҿͷȥתߣտʼߣ±˿쳣ȵյݺǰ治Զɽŵʱ򣬱Ѿ

ʱ٤ûһ㶼ۣȣһܵɽ¡

ͣС׷ڵϣӻͳһķףðڲϡ

С׵棬ƺЩ˷ܣᣬŵ

ܶϽлС׾һֱΧ΢뿪һ͹ջߡ

㲻ˣ̧ͷɽִӰɽʼ϶Ƕ͵ɽ£Ƿȥġ

ӿ϶ǻزȥˣֻɽߣϣԼйʺˣҵС·ʲôġ
˳Զ˵ĳͨҲ֪

***
صҵʱҲպûһϲɫԺӣŮͱԹڼҴţӸˡ

óԵģ
УҲϲ̵ģҶգգۣҶѾȥˣͷſİɣ

Ҷ˵ˣæܻԼȥӡ
˼һɵҳȥᡣ

ȥȥɣ

һߣϽԼ䣬ϴ֣ϲģ죬ɶ

һڣٺЦţ⻰˵ģ¸˵
ˣ

ͷ
Цһ֣̫ˣǾ͸˼һԺӣȢӣǾ͵游ĸˡ

ЩΪѡ
ôˣ

ͺͷ˵ʮӿԣȸӣʣµҪӲܸ

üͷͺͷǸåɣɡ

ҡҡͷ

¾ˣͺͷ²ô򵥣ô飬Ǹ˶֪

̾˿˵˰ˣɣѾͷҿҲģҲǼ޹һεˣɡʲôʱ

˵飬˵һ٣Ͷӣʣµĵٸ

ϲ̵İͳϣϽӹȥüЦϻͷѾˣ

˵պӣ⼸Ϊ䣬ȹ߾

ͷȥ˵䣬ϾҶӣ˵걳˫ֺͳȥˡ

Ͻӷһһ飬ûװܻҸܣҲץȣ

һæѹӺϣܳȥôôˣ

ѾˣϽסҶվſһ±ʵôˣ

ֶԿףûҶϽҪԿס

ҶϽԿ׸

°Ͷڶ
ϰŴ򿪣ȥֱţϿűĴͷڵϣһת͸Ҷһ⡣
㿴ôģ㲻˵ܽʵʲôڼңֳǶ𣿡

ӣ

Ҷһ˲飬ǱһĶʱίĵᣬһתͿܻԼķ䡣

˴۵Сûط
תߣһʱ䣬϶ܲԶȥˣһȥ嶫ͷһ⣬һײˣæ˳ԡ

Ȼ᲻ãΪ˵õʮӣǴӦˡ

˵ֵһȫŪһСڹͣζͺá
̴ӦҲôģ

һͿʼˣˣҼҳԴײˣɩѾȥˣ

һȦ߰˻˼ҵ׳궼ˣһʮˡ
һ˵ܳ⣬̾ˣеǼġ

˵ʲôһ飬ֳ·һ·ڴʣ·Ӵͷɽ·ʼء

һʱ䣬ȫ嶼֪ҵŮˣǸûǸŮӡ

³ȫϲֵ飬׷ײ²ܵԭ΢һ֪Ҫ޸ͺͷ

ͺͷʮͷΪͷͺһôţ棬ΪŮҾԣǰӸ£ŸϽȢһŮӸӣ

СŮС

峤Ϣʱģߵʱ飬ʱӦҲһֱţҲûɶ£û棬ڴŴֶҼˣѹľ˯ţﻹпչ⵵¡

ңֹۿҪӣڹۣȫȴŮӺܸȤ

ʱ͸ˣ

***

òɽҵһտĵط濴ʯͷ弸ȫ۵ס׳ۡ

ڿڳǽһŻʱ˲Ͳˡ

Ƕ͵ɽ£ʮȵһٶȵ¶ȣǰݲԼʯͷ塣

ѣ

˴ԽԷչҵչ飬ᣬԼȥ⡣

Ѿ쵽ˣɽҲûҰӣĶѾʼˡ

СƺҲˣ˫С

ս㣬ԼСףϢˣϽ·ҪܷɽǾܻȥ

Сȴһɽ¿ͷʹţΪŵ˳ԵģЦ˵ҪҵԵģҾ͸ߡ

С۾һͷֲԾˡ

ԼԼƺֹһˡ

һţϽСףһסֹͣгĴѰҲĵط

⴦͹ĵطط֣ľֻҪûйսǻСɽ£ϿԿԶ

Ѿû·ˣĴˣܣ๵ĿݻҶ㶡

ԽԽˣ˲ԥϽһѹľԱߵҶ档

ҶܺС˵СףҪԣ§˯

ٲߵҶԼסȻС׵°͡
ֱ˯ѨӼͲˡ
ӱƽˣѾ˵˵ݡ

˵Ѿͷ׻ǲǴ֮
Ҫҿ˳ǵģǱͺͷ
һŮܵȥҪˡ
һĻЦ

ˣҸȥͺͷң˵ҪĴ֮˵ʮӣ̫ԿҪô飿
˵㶴ʲôôСӣ𣿡

ȭͷڶ

Ӻ£Ҫһ־군ˣҧ

Ųͣ棬ˡ
طƲڣ
ߣȥ𴦿

ţŲڶˣһҶﶼǸζ
˵Ż˾룬ֻҪ̵ͺá
Сȴˣˣһ

һ˵ͬף쳹ġ
ϽסСףסͣսģԿﶼ

˺һᣬûǼۻء

һֱһˣҶһֱͦţֱ˺þãװȫˣɿСס

СһɣܵɾĵطӣʼëżԹĿһۣԾǣŪˣ

Ҷ￪ʼ˼ô죬ղһţˣ˶е顣

ֻصղŵĵط￴һĿⶨķϡ
һ͵ԼһѣתͷСЦ˵֪Ǹȥˣ

ʱ򻹲ߣʹӣҿٴ󿴣ÿһӶʱǱߣҪռ䣬μġ
һֱɫС·ɽߣµɽ·һߴ²ȥ鷳ˡ

ȫʱ¼Һ档

۾ȫӦ˺ɫʯͷ·ȫʯ̳ɣϿҲŰס

ʼݰĵͼרҽߣһξͣһᣬȷϰȫߡ

ҵȵҹߣǻʲôҰޡ

ͣͣ˲һʱƵӺԺǽ¡

֮ǰԼ˯ķ䷭ط񴰻գһƬȴůůģ·ҡ

ҺԺǽа˸ߵʯǽԺǽ׸ߣźҹڻʼ취ô׸ߵԺǽ

С׻صϤĵط̾˷ˣҿȻϰ˸ߵʯǽ͵һԾԺǽ

ȥһŵ̾ſڵװ

˺һᣬС׵͵˵ϡ
С׾棬š

ŵҿŴŹһӣĸо·һôƿһ죬ϲڵһϸȥһ߲

Ŭ˺ü£ȫŪˡ
ʱ򣬲Զ˵΢Ĺ

ֻҪ߹ϵСӣһᷢ

鼱֮˫ֳŴ̨Ϊͽţһûȥ
£ҧ͵һ̫һӵ˽ȥͷȵϣ˷˸ͷ

˲ۣϽشչغã˴澭һ˵ûʲô죿

ϽȥץСף죬ȴ˲ڿϣһ

ⲻˣᲦϴţſڴ̨Ķ

һ˵ûǲˣ

տʼ˵˵Ҳɣ峤ǼǿѲߣ̫ˡ

ڰȫˣ˳׷ŨŨƣϮڴӹ﷭̺ã·ѣ˯˹ȥ
СҲԥѣ˯ȥ

***

ĳɽ£ֹפزԶ
һ׵ӣִĺɫ类紵죬ͷ

˺һᣬһӰܹǰϥأһ׼׵͵

罣üĿȫ͸Ųɿɱкһж




34.  һ   ʹ§ӣ

ҡ
Ϊûҵ, һҹϳ̾ô˯˯š

ı, һ¶һϾ, ѽѽ, 𶯱𶯣

Ʋ, 뵽Լһײ, ֿʼ
һ, ҵı, ߿ȫŽˣ

ջ, ڵ˵ܵȥֻǮ, һǳԣˣ

˲˵, , 㵹˵˵ҪҲͺͷܰ𣿡

ѱӽ˽, ģҾǰӷ, ҲҪҵӦˣžǻϽҵȥ, ǾͲˣ

˵귭ӵ͵ƣֵʡģҳȥһ¡

׼֣ճſڷ죬ŵһܻˣŻˣǲ˴ˣ

һɲˣϽ´ȥӷ˼ѷϽȥš

ŻϰǮغˡ
ڴϣҲ˯˼˯

ûҶ档

ò׵ˣƤƤʣûôû

ǰ˹žĸһ

ֹһᣬҶ溰𣿡

ϰѴ򿪣СҿҶȥûл˽ӡ

˼۾һſڴ⿴ˣ

˼ôڵ﷿䣿

Ҳ֪ҽйģ˵Ҫˣ

ҶʱͳĬˣϵѹɻ
ֻŵܵܣأͲұץȥ𣿡

ɫ˰ף˵˵ȥ

˵꣬棬򽫾ҹܵо׽ף
죬ϲ죡

ɫ˲úѿ򽫾û
϶˵ô죿Ͻȥˣ
***
Ǳѵģһ˯ģҲ֪淢ʲô飬һģѾԶȥˣ

һ챼ϾţûгԶڶ۷ڡ

ȥԱߵСֿﻹкöܲײˣʳ̳涼С

ӣ뿪ʱ򣬻ܿģڡ

ˣ׼ԼСԵģˮѾǶʮǰˣֲȥˮ

һᣬҨһˮһСڣر䣡

ûԥϴɾˮ׼ա

ȻӰȼʱðŨһ˲ŵòֹͣϽﵹһˮѻϨ

Ȼܵ泯ݶûãֱðһûˡ

ֻܵҹ˾ʱˣߵˮ׸ǰһҧץˮҨ˰ˮȥ

С׶£̧ͷֻС׵ˮ

һһèȵֱֻص
̹ǵ䣬ĵĶСײͣԼ

϶ܻȥ϶ģʲôûԹʲôûܹһ뵽취طȥ

Խ˵Խѹ䣬Ϊʲôô࣬㳤ôÿôûһصϲ㣬һаȢؼңôһᣬ㿴ڣѵҪ𣿡

䣬ۣȫΰӰ뵽Ѿˣ޵øˣ

С״Ÿоıˣͷϲȥȥֱ

ſԺ˯ˣƮƮģȫЩ޵Ļþ

˲ʱһһۣ۵̲סȥ˲һͨ

վվˣò׻ص䣬£ۡ
һֱʲôûˣŲڱһ붯

ִľѾˮˡ

***

һȦʱԺ˺üˣŮĸҲڣ׷ҵû
һƨ£ҲܵȥɽûУûУȥˣ

˷׷ײ²š
ֻŮͷһᣬһĪչʱԥԥ˵᲻򽫾ļ

һͬඥ͵վĵطôֻ򽫾ŵġУǵøϽȥҪ򽫾֮ǰҵ
Ҳˣĵ죬Ů£иĸ˵㣬ȻѾͺͷӣ˾͸ȥҪ׬򽫾ӣ̫ˣѾͷ࣬ŪҪⱾ

ȥ

ԣȻͺͷǱ߲ýŮһ䡣

绹ţҴʤ̣뷨Ӽˣ˭ûҵøϽҵ͵ͺͷ򽫾֮ͻһ·

Сû˭ôùһֱ䵭ģ󲿷Լȥģ˼һ

βˣŮĸ˽ĸ׳һʱҡ

֮ǰŮ˵֮ǰ˯ķںԺֱȥԺҡ

һͷߣʮӾ͵ſڣ˿Ĵţȥ˺Ժ

Ժһһһ͵ڶܿ棬ֻе汻ֽʵʵʲôҲ

еò⣬ʱ΢Ŀ

ǸѾͷ

촽ţСü˷ǽȥ

·߲ʱ·϶֪ģҲţֻѾͷӦá
֮ǰܵӣĵİԼӿǷǽ

Ҫμˣ򽫾ֱ轫
ھʹѣ˻һҪ֪Ůж಻

ʱѾˣ˵ˣվվˣӻʹհһƬֻۡ

С׼İ˽ݵʱèУŬۣСףܣ

׳꿴һۣǱӣ̧־ͰѴ򿪣¶壬
ӽ

˶˵˫ֺ˫˸첲ֵľ˴õм䴩ȥ̧˳ȥ

׹˫ֺ˫棬յۣһۣСվԺǽУǱʹ

̧ңһ·ΧۣɫѾʧȥѪɫ԰ײѣֻ˵Ǳ׾Ȼô

Ϊ򽫾£ʲô

ͺͷ˵һˣ̾˰Ѽ͹ȥˣ˵Ҫ˴ߣʣµһ͹Ϊݡ

***

紦ս£ʯͷŵʣµ飬ʲô㡣

Ŀڣдţ֪Ϊʲôģش壬ѺϾʥϣһжðɣ

ͷͦãֻǴ﷢һֵ£쿪ʼƺһղʱ˵ڴ˵ļҵǸǸǿû˲Ųؽȥİɣ

һץסֻĶ³ǹʲô

һŬ䣬ƺС

ʲôﶼɱ⡣

ʲôˣҪˣ˵û˵꣬Ѿ˦˴粽һ߽ɻսߡ

ܱúѺ˻һشһ͡

ɱڣ¸ϽӦԼǸһȥ

ս˻ĺɫӭ裬ܿͲˡ

϶ˣ

޲ֻϣһ㣬ٿһ㡣
ǰ֪ǣһʲôζʱ䣬ֻҪЦòͻԺüγ

׷ˣҳҲؼң

Ϊ֮ǰѾһУ԰ȫţһֱȵԼȥʱֻһֱܾԺὫߡ
ʲôߣδǹ

ڣˣ

һڴԼŵĵطһŮӣȫ˶ӵ£Ҫǳʲô飬ôӦ

һ˳˴ӣҲûκοˣ

鶯ս̣ͬ

***
˰ϴͷȻסǸ

̧ʱϿһӣЩǣԼһ˵ôˣ⸱Ӽ޹ȥ᲻

һӣһ飬޹أڲˣã

ǡסҪˣͺͷʣµô죿

һüŪȥҿ˳Ƕġȥʱ򣬶

ϸϽȥˡ

úȥ˹࣬ҧϳԣһơ
Բԣ

̧ͷ۾ϵ⣬ңͲ°ҹجΣһôΪʲôҪң

ϱ˵ֱӽ󿪣̧°ﵹ

Ǻ̴ʣȥһС롣

ѿߣˣһУٸԱˣ֪ʲô飡

ϱϴϴͷϲ

ЩʱҶվһԣŲһûͳ⸱ãһ䡣

Ҳĸ׵ŮԺԼ飬ĸҲԼ

ҹڻ죬ֻŰǵıӱԼǷ䱣Լ

һûС

Ҷǰãżһ۸ڣһ뵽֮ǰľԼҪ޸Ǹåܼˣ

ȴʲôˡ

ʰˣɫҰףﶼǾȴһֲ̬Ľˡ

ҶòϣǽÿģôÿŮÿ

ϳȥк˵ʱϽȥһãҰﲻʲôغãһлͳԵ㡣

תͷлл㣡ˣҲԣ

ͺͷˡҶŵʹͷûãﱯһƬ

ʱűƿŮ˽Ц˵﹧ϲãڼһˣһΣһҪˣãܺãŪһС̧㣡


Ҷ̲סˣüˣɶõô䳰ȷ

ŮһȣҶãô£֮ǰһֱôڲˣ

Ҷ߹ȥһѰƳ⣬ϲϲ޹أٲϲҲá

Ů˸ûȤһȤģȴ˳һ˦ȥĸס

ͺͷѾԺӣԺվˣԺҲˣܶ˶֡

ͺͷмͺȭͷһ飬ɫڣһ˫С۾ðž⣬ٺֱЦ¶ڻƺڻƵݡ

ŮֱŻһ뵽ˣĪʹ죡

ĸͺͷǹЦŽˣأɣ

˼űСһǹԡ

æЦŹȥϣԵһ£ȥСŮ

ϣһ䣬ȴҶ۾ԱߣһţһˣȥæӦţʲô

Ҷվҡ

û˵꣬ͱϴˣҶأȥɣ

Ҷɫһ죬ŤͷһȻҧҧתȥˡ

ô˷ȥϵӽ⿪˫Ȼš
һ²һ£

˫ȵɣ̧ˣˣһܵĲС

ͷϱϺͷһһұߡ

һ֣˶䶯ˣ׷塣

ͺͷЦĺֱ¶Ҫһ̣һ£ٲãŮϾԼʮ»̥µģҪ˵һ鶼ûУǲܡ

һ뵽ԼĶӣЩ飬Ӳˡ
ϴ˵ƣ˶һ

ͺͷӣ׼ϸϽͺͷϷţʱڻָˣϸһ֣һ̧žͳǰȥ

һͺͷƨϣһûǰȥŮվ￴֣ͺͷһͷ˽

ʱһӳ嵽Ůˤڵأ

˾ˣͷһ˦ͷ˦ƿڴҲޣ컯֮£ұҼˣҪ峤

ղŵõģĶӺöˣҲ΢һ

ϼԼŮå˵ڵأһɤӸϽȥˣͺͷһŮٺһЦС۾һ飬ŮһƤ񣬱ĸ׷ŸŻ

̫ˣ

˵ͺͷǱߣҿʲô

ͺͷЦŻͷڿһ̣˫С۾˲ɴˣͬںҹߵͻȻ̫һ㡣

һԵɫСӣ̫ˣϵŮһ㣡

ѾϺס˸첲˫ţ۵ò¡

ͺͷ֣ˣӣҾϲ׺ӡ

úܶˣϽߣﶪۣ

ͺͷϽȥ˫Ҫ˱ߣƴȫ

ͻȻһŰӰͬڵһݶ˵ͺͷͷϣצӾӡ

ͬʱԶûʯ·߽˷׷ײĿ֪ʲô

Сױ򣬴
С¾ͺͷĶͷץѪӡӡ
ͺͷ۵ýһץסС׵ȣӵϡ

ʱ˺򽫾
ûӦô£ֻףźɫڿշԺǽԾͬ·ȵߡ

һŽϸ߿˹˻

ɫһ˦һɫϲΪһ塣

㶵ĶһŷˣǲΣ

罫ҵ㷢⿪ϵӡ

ѩ󴦣պ۾ˡ

ɫѹľκˣס˫ȣ˱ھʹߣ

ھʹߣ
Ĳͣ׹䵽ʵʹ§ӣͷļϣ촽ŵͷ

ˣû




35.  һ   ܵЩҪ桭

ʱ, ŮΪԼ۾ˡ
˴ڵأӲţ

ֱ籧ڻϧ, ᣬȫ

߬½ۡ
ô᣿
ôôʱôǰ˽ǸС§ڻ
Ӿ˵䳤ñÿͼǺˡ

ʲôãһ޹˱Ů, ȫ˶Ķȴһڻ

ŮʵӶˡ

մսɱ, սϻеѪ, ˶ɱ, һ֯}˵Ϣ
촽, ӥһ۾ɨ, ÿ˵
ÿڽӴĿһɲǣʶӵͷ
ǾԼ򽫾סˡ
ͳ, ÿɱϵȨ

ϷŮоҪվס, ȴû뵽һᳯǰ˺磬ڻˣ

˵Ǻ;ϲ
һ, ĨŮ˸ǰ

ŮǸ, ǰһ͵ڳϸ򽫾ϵǳ

Ů˵, ˲ͳˣˮ۽, εĲ

ϵ׺ӲԼĵط

ǵģһֱ£Ķ, ȫȻŮĺͶ˽˽

϶ԣȻͻȻ͹ˣͣĳͷ

򽫾ǺͿ˵㣬㡭Ǿ͸ҸиңҲùЩǡ

ס죡
ûһ˿¶ȡ

תͷͺͷݷĺˣҵĺҪ˰ųޣ

ͺͷѪһѾŵȲͣĶˡ

ȻϣСԼҺȡ
Сףȥ

С̧ͷһȻҺȣʹһģ΢ӣ뻳
һ§Сףһ§Ĳӡ

ˣͣ

Ѿڵϵͺͷ˵ңңѾ׽¿϶ǹȥˡ

Ǹ˶ܿ򽫾κ˿Աȵġ

ȢŮˣ

ͺͷһȥˣԸܷʲôУҪ֪¹ˣҾٻ쵰ҲҪȢ

˵ͻȻֱӣ۾ͷŮ
Ůһ˲侪ʧ룬ҪѾˡ

֮ǰСûҪȢ¹ڶʮǰͰʾȢ¹

˷׷Ӿ档
ôŮϹϵˣ
ǴÿµĹô⣡

ŮʧɫؿһͺͷåԼ¹ڽǰŮʲô

ʱͻȻ˼ھ֮ңͣ£ˣ޸½ҳϲǣߴŵġ

һȻ
ɫˣֶһ仰˵
Ůⳡ棬һ˰𾴵ģҼ챻ôڿЦ˶ˡ

ͷۣ
ڼС׵ȣС˵ˣȻȥòãС׵ٲƾͱסˣ

ãϾߣ
˵ŮȻôȢ׵£ôͼ޸ɣͽ죡

ͺͷһ֪ǸÿͷǸлŲҶ

˵һҶں棬һץסܵܵļﶼǾ塣

ŮֻתҪ޸Ǹһ۾µå
Ϊʲô

һȲ䣬ô

һԺһ˵ף쿪ʼǺɽʯɻûҵý˵ˣ㣡

Ѿſڵأ˫ʹĴ棬ѽΪʲô

ڳûи˵һ仰ŲӲ֨

ߵſڵʱĸϵ罻ȥҪۿͺͷŮףúòȻ˴ãȺ䡣

СԺ˶ˣɫ̿ʼ˼⼸죬Լûвȥ

ŽȥʼԺʡ

籧һ·ȥ̫ˣΪС׵ȣӲû˯ȥ
һֱţ籧Ժߵʱһ飬ˣҲ˯ԺҪ˯㷿䡣

ǴӺԺǰߵģǸӰ

תȥԼ䣬Ͻ֮ǰǵĴֲÿ̺á
罫ȥ

С׷ԱߣԼȻۣǿڣеʱ

ɺãȥ·

ȥ䣬С׵Ѿˣǳż֮ǰõҩڶļϷţŬ´׼ù
ȴ˫Ŵ׸ҪվʱСĵۣһ˵ڵء
һݣ֪ߵˣ᲻ˣ

ȥʱһƺߣմ׵ϵתͳˡ

æ˷ڴߣСһţֱˣҵǲǻˣ

̶ӣ̧˲Ů֮ӣһأѿ顣

СȺһƬϣȶǣ
ҧСӴãŵϣղʲô

ָҩСϵҩˣ

翴һèһȶˣһһģ֮Цű𶯣Ҫʲôͺң

ǸҩСûã΢Ȼᣬҽơ

˵˳ȥչһᣬкХһ죬˾ͽˡ

Ӧźŵ֮ġ

һᣬһˮشһӣȻӹȷڴߣȻ߽ŵӹһˮȥʪӣšȥˮ֣ڴߣḩ

֬ˮۣһһã۾˼ӡ

ղűŻһ·˶ˣʱ򶼲˼ֻðġ
ڣߣȫޱȣȴҸӡ

е㺦ߣ

ɾհƤļһӨ𪣬羲һᣬҡҡͷˣ

ϽͷǵģûԷˡ

ֶһˮղ裬ְɾ֣󻹰Сײ˲

С׾ţһһ˲ӦһҪ̧ͷ

ͦ죬ʱ͵ˣžͿʼСôˣ죡ҿ

ͷǺһżûһ˿ƽϷŰ顣

֣ǰӭ磬˵һȦɿ˦һ¸첲Сӣ㷢źţΪ㱻˴ˣڵϦأⲻǺúõ𣿡

תߣңҵˣ

ŴͣζǾ仰ﾫֱð̸

ݣָָŵһһèҵˣҵè
仰׵Ĳᣬˡ
ǽˣ

ڿһתͷȥţӣӣˣ

Ŵſŵı飬ҿˣܿ𣿻Уҿèô£

һ˿á
ˣһСףһż㣬С׿ɣٲȾûˣ

岻ٿЦϽתһףӻָָ֣Լ󣬡Ҫ²Ҫ£Ͱè

̰һӷڴߣ£۲ûкӵ°ͣһܣŴӻͳһɫչϡ

֮ǰһۿպۣһ߰һҡҡͷ̾ôÿĹôµȥ֣

üͷ˺һᣬ̧֣һⲻ󣬹˾ţȣúúòһԵˮˮʳ

΢΢ͷ治˼˵Լˮˣһ۾Ϳ˼΢΢һЦûе

תȻˣҪúչ˼ңҩͳһСƿݸ磬ÿ˯ǰһָ

ӹȥ򿪸ţüͷʣҩ಻ࣿ

循ȵĿ̶׹ЦŰ֣಻࣬˷ĳԣ

Ȥֱ죬æ򣬿쿴ҵè

תСױһߣ岻İΣֻ۾ûж

鿴ִ֮ҩóһƿӣһɫСҩ裬ƿȻ֮һ֮ݸ磬һץèͷ죬ҩȻ죬ȷȥ֮ɿ֡

ֳĬȥ˺Ժһ߳Сľ壬̶èȣá

΢ۣⲻ󣬹ָܻ˵꿴磬ҸղŸʣµҩ裬Ūֽθԣһһξͺá

תȥ˺һֽʣµҩãèҩһڼϡ

Ѿʼҩ䣬Ҫ뿪ˣȤ¹¹ɣ

˵ǳóԣˣһٷлңôҲǵĳ

ͷһЦû⣡

һתͿЦݣȥһƨڴߣϰ󣬡ҽһ¡

ʲô£

תȥ

Цת

罫С¶һ㣬Ȼת

ֻһۣ̾ݣ

̸Ѿϵҩ򿪣óһƿӣǷĩÿεһˮͳɺ״ϣȻòá

ϵ˺أ

̯̯֣Լȥġ

û˭ôĹҩ䣬ҡߣˣҪȥ˯ˣ˯ˣҵҩ䲹䲹䡣

綼ûиһ¶ûС

ߺ尴ķԸȥࡣ

ϴɾ֣ҩС׳Թҩһֱ˯̶ͻأţֿЦ

Ϊ˷㣬ſţָȣСĨҩʱġ
᳦ת棬Щܴ󵨵˵ˡ
ˣҪ𣿡

Ĩҩһ٣ʲôˣ

ݸһЦۣС˵ˣ
˾ͺãʲôݣ

ܶڹŴ㣬ǰ߸ߴӢˣȨƣõ
Ǳȫˣڽˣ

Ժ˯ˣǱỽѵģιһС࣬˯˹ȥ

ˣԼʱѾˣȥԺţǺñӣСŷţȻųȥţȥ˺Ժ

˵ǱѾѺϼӿˣҲһһ׵

ͷ
ߵ£ص飬֪еϸڡ

ɫѿˣûôЩ֪˶һһԼˣЩԼǻͰԼģһ˵̹׵ˡ

ʯͷһʵ飬ʵߣڱﴦá
̹棬ᴦ

촽̾ˣ²鵽ǰװϢشӵʱ򣬾¹ѵĿʼ֮ǰ¹￿ԼҹζŽÿµһӣҲల£ʱǸĸȥ¹Ȣ

˵ʲô֣

˳Զ

˵

ĸײͬ⣬峤Ǳߣ峤ߣû飬µϢŮȴ֪Ϣȥͺͷǡ

ǼôҲ˵ڣѾµˣ˵

Ȼͺͷһͼˣڶ֪飬ϰ¹ڷ䣬ȥͺͷҪӲͺͷܸɴͬˣȽһ룬ʣµһ붼ˡ

ʣµһҾպף¹Ϣ͵ܵܵİ£ң˼˵㵱ʱǳɽߵġ

˲ˣ˺öȫѲ飬·ɽѰˣûҵ

һղȥ俴ϱпݻƵҶʱɽϣЩȥʱпܶҶʱǶô

ȭͷ쳣

ֱ磬֪ţżˣʱŮ˵ȫΨнļûв˼֣ĸԺ

ͣˣͷô£

һǰʱ¹ܵӣ˳Ժ¹ù̧ȥġ

ڹһֱ̧ңѹֲסŭ˼Űŭѹȥ
Ҳֻʱѹȥѣ

¹һŮӣɽϣ϶ǵȵˣɽҵԼݺ

ͷûйܺͻںޡ

ɽﳣҰǳûô˷־壬ôһһҪ˵Ժķ䣡

ܺãˡ
ܵЩҪӱȥ

˵ǲݺ¹ˣѾѺãȺ򽫾䣡

ͷȥǱߴһӾֹȥţͬʱԼȫʱ˺ӣȫõȺΥ߰洦á




36.  Ҫ   ˫ϡ

ʯͷĴˡ
, ĸ˷Ժǽ̧ߣ
磬Ա˻

һϲ, ССһֻߴĻһ̶Ĭˡ

һΪ򽫾ֵһԼġ
治Ůӵ, ᲻ʰǣ

ʱΣ
ǸʱǾ֪, , ˣ

ʱ, Ѿ, , ƽһЩ, ûˣ, ߺš

СѾˣ֮ǰΪˮѾö, Լɽˡ
ҽ

׼, ţ, ˣ͵, ЪϢȥ⼸춼ˣ

ǵ࣬, ¼ǵúǣ

Ͻװ˯ůġ
еţ

ͱζ̲סˡ
ëһ˳Ʒ۾š

ˣ

Ͻ̷£ˣûﲻ

ҡҡͷҺöˣ

˼µιԵ㡣

ʣĿĻ
æ֣òãԼԡ
ס˫磬˷§ס󱳣ùͷ

ļıϢ䣬ȫζ
˶ˣԼûϢ

ȴ˫Ĳӣһתͷһڡ

ʱסˣ§ֱȻ˹˻ȴһͻȻɿʿˮ

Ҳ˿ˮһ֮еʧء

ˣˣӽҵģҰʱɽϾң½ݺǴҲңΣڣ̫ˣˣóԵģһӱ˵Ķ顣

ţɻ󣬿Ĳӣ׹¶棬á

ԼһƣʲôóԵģͲ˵𣿲
Լϣ

ˣ׶ˣǳ飬ˣԼ㣬ôãⱲӿ϶Լġ

ˣҵȲˣԼɡ

ֱӣѵķſҷ

һֻҪιԼУǸ̫尾ˡ

ŴЦԲ£֪ڣȳԣȥϴ

һߣϽȺһ죬ӿɽҲ⼦òû˴ڳںԵĶͷð泩ѡ

ճ꣬ͽˣհһܴ꣬ͷҪȥˡ

ǸӰ綺Цˡ

Ͻ£ͷԼ̨£նˣòûԷƽһ湻ҳˣ

šʾϿĻȥȵȵȣһȥϴ

òỹҪԼȥϲɡ
ղ´ʱһ£Ѿˡ
·û⡣

ȥԺˮϴû취ֻڲԶվţԷһ
̫аȫˡ

ʼҪ˯һŴˣ˶ʱ᲻ᡭ

ص䣬˶յģҲԼ棬ڱｫԼȥ˫ֵ÷ͷԣҵȣŽ

һأ˱ģһӾͿʼõ֧壬ղŵĽ߶ʱΪС

̣ʵ̲סˣͻȻʼ·
ˣȥԺҷ˯ɣ㲻Ҫ֧ˣ˯һһ˿˿ŮӵĽûˡ

ͣϵĶվע˵һСϸߣ˼֡

ûлش𣬶תˣ·ûء

ѵԼѾ˴һѽѵ§һ˯£ôˣҸһ˯

һ̫ͻȻˣ˶ľˡһҲҶ

˵ܿ죡ѹֵͷ𣬡˯˯𣿡

ҡҡͷ˯šо̫̼ˣ߰Ķ
ںܶ黹ȶȻ˰ߣǲʱ㡣

һֱУʱ˵⻰̫ɷ羰ˡ
Լȥˣ֪ˣϺůͣ˯Ϳˡ

˵ʹ꣬ҧŻջ̫Ҫˣ

ѹҪĳ嶯ںһƿȥ

һűһһ˰ѱռˡ

䴫ӵ߹һ룬Ѿ˴оſ±ıӣºֱӽһһűӽ§Ľġ

ůɣ˯컹Ҫ顣

˵ۣȥ۾ס˯ɣ˯

˹ڱֱ§ţһ¶ף˺һᣬ˯ź󣬲ŬŹĻ첲һƣ˯ˡ

ڶ磬극ڼЪϢȥãǰݺ˱š

ΪȥģҲûʣСױԼǻ

ﾲĵģҲĵģܸоԾƽʱ·

Ьܵſȥ˺þãһ˶ûУӱҲûд˵Ц
̫ܺã˵ůͣӦкܶںӱϴ·ġ

˶ȥˣ

ã
϶˶ټȥˣ
תţټã϶Լкܴϵ챧ԼϾŨŨɱ

ͻȻеĻţΪԼһ˶̫ˣôԺ󣬴϶Թص飬ֻҪױͷ˵㹻ˣˣֻǷ¡

ǣ
ں磡

ȥÿߵſھͱ˻

***

쵱ʲλϣôȫվˣŵķֱ½˺ͼλߡ

浽һ˵ȽϣϣŮͺͷԼһѰͽ̧ߵЩѺǰȫǰ

һ٣

Ա߳üС˵ֶǺο࣡ΪһŮô󶯸ɸ꣡

翴һۣˣ֮ǰ⽻Ӧһû˵ķݣ

ʣµĳϴҳǰʱǶֳƿ죬ûһȥ£ǸǼӡ

ﻹҳֹ

ȺŮ˵͵͵Ŀ

ʱˣվ˫ֱ󣬰ͦվǰ棬һһɨˣŮ˵Ŀʱˡ

죬ټãΪ¹飬ǣǰú÷˼һ£ʲôʱʼǴ¹ֻһŮӣͱɽιǣɼǵõҸ׶˵Ļ𣿡

ͻȻһ˵

һڣǰǴ廥Žһ²ǵڹˣͿʼڶˣǰɣ¹֮УݺǱǽıһȣԼŮϾǴһӣǴŮ˺𣿡

Ƿ׷׵ͷ

ÿ˶ϲкϲŮŮӵǵк˭ףŮͲûŮӣǺͼң

¹ʲôԲǵ飬ҪǵѲҵߣ˭ǵĵ

ҧгݣЩҸҸײڴ常ԲôϹ֣Ҫǳԡ

ûԥ
һң뿪ʯͷ壡

һ䣬Ͼ̱˵ϣʹͷˣǴˣ˲Ҫǳ塣

ǵķһᰴպʵļ۸ջأԺǲˣԣ

ұϾﰡϿź

˵ӽ쿪ʼ¹ҵˣκιϸ𣡡

һӣϱ´ȥ

ߵŮߡ




37.  һ   Ҷ˵һ飬

Ů˵, һجΡ
ôû뵽ͺͷåΪ๫
Ŀ֮¸ó, 붴ɤӶҲûӹħצ

һ۾Ż죬ǽ˸ɾ, ˵棬ͺͷ֪һҹ֮Ҫܿ, ȫûиԺ, , ȫվŮ֮, Ƿܹܣ

, ˶ǲ԰׵ģŹſڵ, Ŀ͡
ϰߣȫȻû˰, ޼ˣȴŭԡ

վŮǰ, ʣ׵¹, ڻθ룿

Ůָʹʯ棬˵ˣΪʲô, ΪʲôҪң̧ͷ˫ͨ, ˣ˴£ҲΪϲ㣬, вףҶܾˣΪ˵㣡

˵ſ˳ǰһˣĺúޣ
ϸϽס΢΢ҡͷ˵ʱӾ鷳ˡ

ޱ飬ֻ޸Ϊ¹Ӧü޵ˣӦԼܣֲκˣ

ЦһһɪɪͺͷǶǱΪ飬쿪ʼȥɽʯͷɣʱûشˣ

Ůһ飬ڳͺͷͷܷԺһúøɻú÷ʡ

˵һӣ˱˴ȥ

ϼҶţͷҲ̧Ҳ飬絭״ϽŮ޷ŮյĹǰĸףҲ㣬ȥɣ

һʱ֮ûзӦȻʱһȣſſͷлĨȥˡ

뵽ĸףһҹ㲲ϵӣһĵļ尾ⲻˡ

ֵʱ˶ˣԼֻǰӽãӦòڱ

˵ôڽӰǽô翪ʼ㿸ӴӴ嶫ͷʼÿҵǽͷһΣҪ˵øϲ侮ʯ

һӰˣֳͷֱ̫ˣΪںӱ߸¹ﳳܣӣԺڴﻹôˣ

˵ͷ͵Ц֮ǰĳͷͷеЦ

Ҳ죬ǿˣ򽫾һĺݣʲô¶ĳҲСʱǸɶ¼˾΢Цĺӡ

ֵЩɽѰԼ̧ߵЩˡ

ֱӽĸӺô¹̧ߵģҲһ±̧ߵζ

˵ĸֽڹϣĸһ̧ˡȥ¶豭ˮŴȦż̫ɽǰɾͿԡ

ĸ˱̧ʱ죬ֽϵţһʱ׺Ϳʼۣͷ´ţܵĲС

ԶԶž͸̧һ㡣

ЩɽѰ¹ˣǸÿ˼ҿһʯͷһһٶ໧˼ңһٶһʱɲˡ

Щȫ꣬糤һ滺һЩ飬Ϊ䣬Ѻ˵úùӣǴߵȫһѰÿôˣӦͻ䵽Լͷϣ

Ϊ֮ɣԺ黹峤ҪΪ˵ͿԺΪ˭ʲôҶ

˵ʣµ齻ģһڼż

һһ£ֶôǺݺģüλԺڼǾͲóˡ

ö˴ＸеĵˣЭԼһ

ߵʱ򣬽Ųģʯͷ飬ȴû뵽Щ겻ڴȻЩӣ֮һ仰Ҫ볤ڴˣԶػԼĴӡ

Ϊʲôںɽϣ֪ΪĸϱߣڸߴԿĸڵķ

ʹͷ뵽ʱһ֪˿ڸʲô

ſڵʱһӾŵ˴ӺԺƮζ

̴粽ȥȥ˺Ժ

ϵΧȹͷϸһأš

ԲɳֿһһСţԱ߷һӣǰײ˷ĩڡ

ұߵһڰϡһڱ̨Եʮõڱ

һţһ̾ͻˣΧȹϸ˹յĽζˡ
һ뵽Լھڳʳõһ˽⣬Ӳġ

ЩֻСڣüͷֿ̧ע⵽Ȼûȥ

һ̧Ƚȥӱסץֻ֣ۣӻûָôúЪţ

˱§ڻ󱳶ˣæſڿˣſңģ˿Ц

ļת˸ԼȻ§ﱥ飬ˣںˣ
ڿıˡ

оã

Ϊϵڸһˣ˵⼸̫æˣҪúЪЪ

ֽ§ڻҪȥһ˾ǣҲģҪҪһȥ

ȻȥֻǣȥĻ᲻᲻ʣ

󱳣ᣬǾ˵ˣ

˵꣬͵˺ԺһţæƣѾˣһԺӾͿˣ˷׷ת̺ס

˿Цת۾ˣʲôҲû

ɿץĸ첲¹ûָʣµĻԼɣҴȥҩ

˸ϽӦ
ߺſڿϴְڱЦС˵ԸԳ

ͷ¹˽ˣǾпڸˣ

һۣ˻³𣿾Ҫ㿴ǳ˵ӣ÷˶֣

ЦŵͷҲпڸģ¹Ǹˣʱв˶̸ǡ

ǽϲˣʲôãֻǣȥǣҪټҵǧ𣬲֪ôӦ



ֱӱ׽ȥķ䣬ŲҪȥһСʪӹɾ֣ʼҩ

Ҫ·ҪãȻ·˻ѹ

չ˵Щڣܸое㲻ʵ
˰ҩϺãȥ䣬ʱż顣
ʵеûžͿ飬ʱ䡣

£澹ȻŮѵǱôҶûҼŮѵ

Ȿ飬Ȥ
һҡҡͷЩҲϲ

ͷﰵһſڣǱŵģԱߣһѱڻ

ۿԼԽԽʱˡ
ʲôԼ
Ҫ׾ʹ㣬ĺĥˡ

Ϊ˱ΣϽ۾ϡ

˵û
ϲå

һ죬ȻۣԼ׶˺Ķе㴭

һЦŵͷȻȻϣԼ촽סġ

ĥһ£Ц˵ԣҾϲåˣ𣿡

һۿðŻ𣬾֪ѾˣҪ֪ԭĺãǰ͹ϸƤϸ⻬§һپͲҡ

粢ûжڳһֻ֣סȻɿĴָ촽ĥɰ˵ָɬͰ͵ģ¶ȣ촽ͷ

̲סһŤһ¡

ˣ治һˣһŮò־̫ˡ
ǲа촽һںסĴĴָʹڣȻһ

Ըоһ£İϲҧָ۾ˮˮˮ

绹ǲ

ʱеˣ̫ʶȤˣԼ㰵ʾˣ˻Ųֻһ¡

ˣǷˣ

æɿָͷһתŵˣҡ

Щѧģ

һӦҪ˵ǣͷͻȻ̵촽Ķӡ

ſӽΣɰϸ壬ŵʱ߾ԣ¶ɫĨأĨǾĶǵɽ塣

˶ըˣˣֱ̫ˣרԼеشף׵رнС

׵һš



˺һᣬ̧ͷ΢ŵ촽ӡһǣЩѧģ

۾΢Уһ鿴Ҿ˵϶


ֹιıӣûû꣬оԼǲǳͷ̫ˣ
ûŮӣû

΢΢ǣԺеʱ䡣

ﲻ붯ᣬǰڵ￴װӾ磬ݵĴ󽫾룬ŴĽô
ڱݣر˧˧ھԼһܹŵĵط

ͲǹŴŮӣôί񣬼ȻѾȷ˵ԼŮˣ͵ȷ˹ϵ

Ҫ̸ᡣ

ͻȻ뵽һ顣
ˣԺ𣿡

ʯͷôҲһ£˵ŴеĿ檣ʯͷ϶һһƣû˵˭С檡

һ£ҪشͻȻ˺ˣ¹

ͮͮģϽſһȥ

Ҳƣ֪˭Լ

⣬ֻҶ˼۾վſڣҶһҪǰ磬վסˡ

һӡ

ͷһۣˣ㲻øл˵

ͷҲԶվš

̨ӭȥ㣬ôˣ

ҶͷָãˣЩòҲ㣬͸Լã

ƻȥ˾ģҲòϣŮã廨Ҳ·Ҳ˷ѡ

Ҷ･ˮã֪ɵ˺ܴҲܵӦĳͷԺǾͼˣЩŰɡ

е㲻ԾʲôͷʲôԺˣ
ͻȻ뵽쳣Ȼ˵Ҫ뿪ʯͷ壿

ҶʼᣬԱߵ˼ҲᣬͰͿ㣬Ұҵһӻ㣬ܲܰǣ򽫾Ҫ뿪ӡ

ĬˣתҶãǲרŴҵЩˣ

ͷºȻǱأôģ

Ҷ˵һ飬ĬѪ
Ҷ˼˵԰ɣûʲôϣ򽫾Ǵͳߣһң

ҶͷãǲϣǵЩ̫ˣûصأ֮󣬴϶ᱻż۸ϣչһ

˵ѰӲݸһ䣬ǣأ

ҶҡҡͷЦһѾʯͷˣȻͲˡ

һܣһҲΪҶ

˵³ǶǾȡ

ߺת׼ȥһתͿվԼ
ԶεҵĵߣΪ㣬дһЩ⣬㲻Ҳðκ飬ҼȻ뿪ӣȻҲ˱ȫǵİȫֱҵµŵ㰲ΪֹĽ˶ѣ

ɿŲۣ

Ц˵Ҷˣ߰ɣȥԷҪʼʰ׼һȥǣ




38.  Ůװ   ЦЦ§

˯ʱ, ƽ˵Թ˯Ҫ˼룬Ҹһʰ

תת, ۾˰죬춼Ҫʰʲôȥ, Լ·ûˡ
Ҫʰ, һӶ, ҪԼ, , ʰɡ

ȥ˯, ܼϴȥ, ôǸص֪ͨ, ҪǾĸ˵л￪ꡣ
͸С˵, ¥, ӵƽǮ, Ϳ絽תתɽˮ

ԽԽ˯, ҪߵҲڷžͽ˻

쳣ѣʲô

û˵Լİ, û˯

š
˵Ҳ˵Ļᣬȥ§˼ȫˣֻʣϢ´档

˺þãͣ£ˣ

ƿ죬ƵģȥǣҪԹԵģһЩҪǰȫ뿪ǣǾͻס

ʵ̫Ǵȥǣ֪Ҫʱ䣬һڴʵǲģ
Ǿе㵣ǡ

ûĻϣ׵˼ҷɣģܿ˯ˡ

ҹʱ˯㣬ԺоڶߺԼСţ飬üơ
˯ʱᱻ˴š

˲ˣת䱻˱˻һĻ첲죬һ۾

·
æȥڶġ

أ˯ᣡ

Ҫˣ͵ˣ

ʱˣżæŵ㲻˵ҡ
ָָϵİ׼ˣΪ˷УҸһ·ȴţȵ˾ǣٴ·

˵´¼ȡһӣߡ

Ͻϵ´Ѻϣ̻Уеʣãȴͣ߸ߵظϡ

üһ֪Ůģȫ

۴Ա߱İƽ

ȥͺöˣְͷûɫͷãСؾɫ۳ĵΡ

Цŵͷܺã

ʰã˼̳ţһѾǰԺˣӻ֣˳ĬųţŪ졣

һ·ߣʱĴĵģѮҹֺڣǣм䡣

һֱ嶫ͷ˴ӣͻȻվסţ·С˵ˣСǴˣ

ͣ½䱸С˵Сû£峤ңǻٰ

֪ʧԣڰ￴˼ۣʲô
һֱߵĶһһƣ˼ǰߡ

ֱ
Ѳҹ߾Ϊ˷˸٣

ҲԹԸߡ

˰ʱһ͵ɽ£̧ͷȥѹѹɽͷӦúܸߺܸߡ

ºܱǰǰʯʲôһᣬͻȻһ𣬽ǺصĿ

ǰʯһ׿׸ߵĶڡ
绳סĿɿڴ
̫ˣ

ֹͣǣ붴ϣ¸ĸƺںʯš

ڵֲָʲôղڴߣôܿ׵ʯ·ںˣϹһ

ȴƽأ󲽳ǰߣԼײǽϣ˼Ľģߵһְߡ

ô̼
ֱ۵ĸܣ

ӣо˺üˣͣһ¸ܱǰǱղһ£ǰͿһ

ű£˸ղżȵĺڰһӾиҹ۾ܿĳǰȥƽ̹̹һƬԶлˮ

ĶںϣִдһߵĲԶҲһһᣬһˡ

ڴ˵Ⱥʱˣɡ
һɣСӿ϶Ҳڡ

ˣﱶС
߹ȥɣһпɺã

û⣬úܽʵ֮ǰӦǵֵһֱǹ֮ǰĴ̽ûκ⡣

ˣ²˳٣ǳɣ

˵꣬ɺǣһƥˣ

һȻ߹ͷͳϲ䣬ͻһӣ

ӵڰͷǻӦ

Ӳӣǣһ

ߣĿıԼߡ

Ǹ

׼һѽȻԾȥȦڻץתͷǰ·

µ˻ߣмһܣǺƺƵĶ顣

ͷһᣬ罫˷С˵ʱίͬһƥȵǰҸһ

ˣܺã·磬绳ﱻߵһһģرơ

Ҿ͸һ𣡡

ЦЦ§ֵܼʲôʱ򡣡

Լֵܼǡ

һᣬ·ԽԽƽ̹߿ʼ·׹⣬ذҪ·

˷ܾ˺绳Ϳʼ
ͷ۾ҵͷͷ̶Ȼͷ˵һѺߣͣ

ɵͷ

Сܱ

Сˣ罫̶ģһܾ͵˾һһᣬ͸о󲻶Ծˡ

ҳһƬĸ첲˵ݡ

ҧĺܽûҪôľǲܿƣҲΣؼӽ˿ýģûа취ƣֻܿȥԼ

̵ͷǺ
ղŻ˵̲˶ã˵ܵԼ

δˣ˾ϣɿˣžѾӿ񱼡

ÿڿյ䣬˵һβĳܸܵӴȡ

ӶˣϳһƬʶãԼһЩ

綼ҪըˣĴǰδеġ

ͣȴ̲ס񱼣ֻŽ§


ţ·ͻȻܹȥһ͵ǰֱɲǸɲסˣǱϵȴڱͻȻͣ£Ϊǰһͻ

ͻȻſˡ
ǰδеĸоץȦסͷƺһ

ղΪԼҪˤȥˣǲ磬ͣסˣƺһæһ˵ˣһɣ̫ˣ

侲ͷãȫǾܸϵǰĳ

ǰһʱøղһĸоǸ
˵Ķã

Ժٻİ취




39.     ˼ҿŮ򽫡

ʱ, ǵ
ǳʯͷ壬ȥ·ĵһҲǱؾ֮ء

ط, е塣
˳ڣ缸Ҳ, ǣ
һʱȶ, ˺һźõ㡣
Ѿˡ

ֱӳϷ, , һζĿջ
Сӭ, ĻԶǣ, ࿴СۣһЦ, ϴһëݵһһ

ǵС, Ҳ⿴ۣϽջĿ, ߿, ԼŮװ
罫Ҫ䷿, Ĳһ͵¥ϡ

ż¥СĿͣһ, ֱ˺С߿

˳극ڷһᣬȥ¡
žһ, СʱҲûӾĻ֬ˮ۵Ķ
۾һվ˯ˣʱѾˣ˻һҿǰ棬ʱ

ַȥųתԼżĽ۾˯ȴ˯ˡ

ܼªСŻɫСӣڣ˵ġ

ºͣ־Ȼӣֲô͡

ţСһϽСڿһ۶ۡ

һ㶣˯ˣ
ͷнԼһᣬǰ඼ˣҲ˵ڡ
˯ˣҪòܵ

Ѿˣٶȣܵ

ôãΪи϶ܵҪʮ죬Ҫε£ǲ˼ˡ

ŴĽͨӲˡ

иеĺͻû¿ҳվ㡣

һЦգգۣãҵ㣡
һð⣬Цŵͷ

С£תȥ෭Ĺһ⿪ʱһϲ

ģ֣ձԼҲвĵģͦÿ

ÿһֶ˳ζԣҪʡųԣЩԳԺü졣

ȫǻӣ߰˱ֻ־֪ŵˣ֮ǰǱͲࡣ

磬˽ԼڲعˣרֻӸԼ

鿴Сʳԣʱͺôˣſ˷ұߣұſſſſ˸ɴſ˾˯

ʱŨһЦ

һ͸Ͻ飬ϣˡ

Ĺ֣罫§ڻеڸô飬ٿ顣

ϲ±Ҳ

ܲˣ̫ϲˣо̫ˣ˵Ҫ̧°ͣ۾

ֻǰ˸ǰѹȸС

΢ţۺɫĶСදȥﶼЦͷˣ˫ִƿ֣һֻץŷ

̧Ȼһ˷£ڣһѹס˫š

ѹסˣüġ
ãͷЦ˵ס𣿡

գգۣʾסˣеܣʶһ£ȴʿˮ

£Լ˰ɣ
˾ǲף;ͣ촽Ϸ׵ĵط

һЦ⿴Լ

СټЩԵĲɻһ
ʱЦ䣬鶼һ˵ĺܶԣ
ҲʧܣЩ˲ĻԶء

ɫȴͻȻûӦһȻ°ͣһ˿

ֱŪˣʵĿ

һ˲ãԼͷˣԺͲԼ˵ˡ

˺һᣬɿ°ͣҲɿ˫ֱ֣Ӻҧһڣɿڡ

Ĺĵĵ̧־ʹȭģҾΪϲ㣬ϲ㣬ȴ۸ңڿʼûȢ֮ǰͲң

˵һµڱϿСߴ硣

еˣղȷʵˣ°ͶԼˡ

ȥץĸ첲һ˦翴ˣһ˰һᣬȢ֮ǰ۸ˣģ

˵𣬡߰ɣ

ȥˣȥֱԼȡ
ǸֱУ
ͲúúԼ𣬾Ȼˣ

ﻹϢ𻰱תעȴû˸տʼȤ

***
һ̻ͷһ£ﰵôںԼȻԸһЩҲûǰḡҲԼǰ

ղȷʵˣ
Ծȥǽ飬ȥ͸ףԺúϧ
ڴ֮ǰǸһ룬Լá
ֹԼ̲ס쵰顣

糿Ǹ飬һڣȥǰ档

֮ȷʵûϹֻʱʱȥҪҪˮûʲôҪ飬֮ǰǸػˡ
ǣȴԸо֮һ˿˿롣

Աߵһѻӣ뵽ԼÿεͷһͣϾǹŴԼӸտʼȷʵ˾ʣͻᱻ

ϾȨͳµ˼ǱʶΪḡظΪ

죬Ҳˣʼ˯羰
ÿһ˽ϳԼӲסˣкüһҲԼֻա

ʱ䳤ˣĪ
ڿջһ˯ʱ͵͵üᣬǰ˯ģϰˡ

϶Լˣ侲ͨ˲ŲԼˡ
Դơ

Ƕ˶ߣǰ¹ľ͸Լһ˵ЦȤȻȴ͸ſ⣬ûһĻ

Щȴ¹ﻹı֣Ϊӽ

·Ϣһֱ¶ʮ磬ڸϵ˾ǡ

ѾӽأζѾŨˡ

ǵķû󵽵ģֵںύŴ¥ſֵԵĴģӦоС

Ŵ綼ȱĵط˲ֹһΡ

ҪѺ̽ʥȥסꡣ

סڳϻݽһҽ¥Ŀջ
ٺúķԸȥŮװ˵ˣǽӽأӣȽϰȫģϢ˿䣬ϲ֬ˮۣҪܻ
˵ݸһĺɰ

ӹɰ·Ц˵ллֵܣҼסˣҲϽȥϢɣˣ

ûϢʱ˯ʰһϽȥ䣬óԵĻθڡ

ԡ£·һ򵥵ķΣɻͷ࣬ڷֱʡ

ͭԼûˬ߼ӣĳˡ

ſҿס˱־ȻȥͽһŮƷͣ£ϸѡ

ŮӲ٣ö඼ѾţһǴ˼ҵŮӣ˵ʱеĸַ֬ţ

ţȴǿ֡

˵򽫾һ֪ˣ̾ȥˣ

˵һԲŮӣ紩һ㶼ƽ
һӸһŮűЦ˼ҿŮ򽫾Ѿã˵Դϴ򽫾Ϊϴ󽫾ȥƽֹʱģ˵򽫾һҪ¶˵ʥˣ

տʼȷǲ磬ͻͻֱ

æʣԲˣ˵򽫾򽫾

߸ŮӻͷЦ˵ѽֻһ򽫾ѲҲڶϲŮ֮һҸ˵סɣϲ˶ȥˣǶ˼ŮĶ֣




40.  Գ   ͵һȣһ

ŵƽ, ӽأǶð·, ֬ˮۣĹŮǶî˾Լ·ΣŹ˳߶˹ʶˡ

֯, һ˷棬ȴĳأ
ǧ

Ҫиֻ, ϶ҪһŴൽǸĹ, Ҳһ֮֮˰ɡ
Ƹڵ࣡
ǧϲ, ѵܾܾɣԹ㲻ٷƵջ, Ҫǧ, ƼĹ٣˿Ķ

ɻ, ϾǹŴˣȨ, ˿϶ΪһŮ˶ӰԼĴǰ̡
ֲɵ

ʱûε飬˼տʼ, Ʒ, һ·ȥԵĵط

ȥһֽǾһҰӵ, ˳ȥӣһڷǻʵ, Ƥݶ࣬ζҧһ㡣

ӵԼסĵطͦԶģ, ׼ԡ
ŰõӼǰߣֻ˼۾ͺڸղ̫ˣһȥһֶǺóԵģղžӦֻһθųԵġ

Ȼ룬ҲŹʳĻᣬֱӾͽһ۵꣬Сʳ˺ۣﻹʲôԵģû˵ֳԵģһִ˳Եۡ

ʱеʧÿһҪǲóԾͲˣ˭֪һȥ۾

˿пô֣ЩطֵĲȣǣʵ̫óˣζУˬڣֹķֻ⣬ĺֱԹս

ղŵĲÿɢˣ˻ţԺȶ֣ǿãҪĶԼãٺòҪȢǧǾ취ŪһǮԼʲôС꣬ƽϳӣۣ

ܺãԷ۵ģŮӾӶ࣬һ߳һ죬ַǷϲ̻
θ̵ļûü񫣬ǧ顣

ԺҪܼ޸һ򽫾ӣ֪ˣ

˵࣬ͷ΢΢ĿһĸŮŴͨӦѰ˼ҡ

Ů˵򽫾Ǹ룬˼ѩҪòò࣬ѩǾĲŮҲֻ򽫾Ժ˵ֻˣ򽫾һĴڣ

͵һȣһɤðһܡ

㿴ǸŮӣòֹȴܴ³Էģɲѧ
ǸĸȻѹúܵͣˡ
ò׻ͳ죬ǰ˼ǧɲķ»

ڿ֪ˣѩǧǾĶ׸ҪǲӦףӱżˡ

ͨ˶֪ѩǾ˵ѾΪˣ
ŮŮ˿Աȵģ

һѩ飬̫ˣЩԹȺھ͸ע顣

һ߹һ߳ԣʵڳԲˣһѣߡ
ǲ߿㣬̫ˣŵ߿һ㶼ۡ

ò׵Լס֣ԶͿվſһŹȥһǵ¹ˣȥˣҸ嵽Ҳ㣬Ҫˣ㻹û´γǰһҪ˵һ£صطԸҪǰ㿴ˣܳһ⣡

˵ӹССֽ㶼ʲôô

ڿճˣϽӣԵģһ巭Եϲġ

Цã¹ģҳԹóԵĶķ㾹Ȼ˵ʳ

ʱ˻˲˷ûͺãҪ¹ﶪˣģ

һܺҷһѡ

ͬʱһǣϽȥץĸ첲Ŷӣ빭ȴ£һܵҶۣȥҷ䣡

ˣϽͻط䣬һţ͹ڴǰſڴϣһʹ״

ſڣԼϽȥУ˺һᣬһҩİ׺н׺нݶ˵Ͱһ߰һ߿ɫЦ˵Сûд⣬ǳԳˣ

ͷЦУЦˣȷʵǳԳˣںܣ˵Ҹô죿

аڰ֣Լҩ﷭ȥóɱСԲ

޷ɽ髸ɣԼţ֤һʱܻ⡣

ŰɣɹɵɽһţģֲָӲͷƤԵĹ⣬ֽʣµĳԵ

һᣬͿʼˣžͲͣĴãÿһãθɻ࣬ʱӾͲˡ

ģû¥סһ¥ϣҪ˵һץסʣôˣǲ¹ˣ

ҡҡͷǣ¹ڷţ̫ˣ쿪ʼһֱ֮ǰھǵǧ飬˵ͦõģ˵ԺԳĺġ

磺
Ⱦͳ¥ܡ




41.  ϵֶ   ̾ʥվ

ʱﶼǶŵ, һ뵽ſָжء
¥ʱѾ˺üְοķڽŵʱ, ĳڳԶģҪŲ, Сš

ûһĵı顣

˵鲻𣬲˵˺ܶԼǧ

վſ, ɤĻһӾͳ, ֱֱ, ۿԼһż, °Ķȥ, ֱܹЦʣˣǸǧôˣ

绳Լ⡣

, ҸòãԺƣҪٷƹϺ, ɱңԺһԹԵص, ֻǡͣһ, Ц˵ʱǮ˸ҷһЩ߰ҿ, һھǷ㵱Ů, ׬Ǯ

˵ʹ촦Լܲ绹ţż㵽û

紽ʽ, ﺮǰһƵŮӣͻȻȱһǣǰץĸ첲ʣ뵱ҵãֻΪǮ

ŷɫãѲû̸ɣﲻˡ

ϽȰˣ˵ǧôϲ㣬϶ܳɣҵòΪǮΪǰ롣

ΪǮ
ϵȽӽʵ¹㵱ϣҸǧһ𣿡

ۿ￴һĨʧһѵԼ´ˡ
Ĳ𣿾㲻룬ܿùడټȨҲܾܾ𣿾ܾкӹ𣿡

ǲģĵʱϲóתעֻжӳԱˣŻľ죬ԼԳθܣһתǼԡ

˸һѽ§Ѿܾˣ

ԭֻںǮԼô࣬ղŲһʹˡ

･̤ʵ֪ǰˣ֣ߵǧ飬кö˵ҪҷģܣԼֻһС帾ǸѸҲãʲôöûУֻ㣬Ҫܵã㲻ٷƣܰһѣȫˡ

ЦˣĹĳԲ·㵹ãԼԳţȥ㲻ֳԲľͰˣ

ﶼԲľͰĻ棬Ц˵ֳԲľͰ㻹Ҫ𣿡

ҪȻҪЪϢһ죬Ǿ̻ؼҡ

̧ͷе㲻ԸٹǳϦˣǿɲھǹˣһ߿ٻȥ

Ĭһ£еΣﶯһ£漴Ĺֵǻȥɣȥǲѹŷˣ߿һ㣬ܵңҾ͸ס

ʱȴӦһ£֮ǰھô꣬˵ӦԼĸֻۡΪʲôӻصǿʼһֱס꣬ȥĸۡ

ڣѾҲܾ飬ΪʲôҪôҴ뿪ǣһ춼

϶ʲô¡

ֻõͷͬ⣬ǰôϲȨıĵӾ磬ۣǴʷαҲ֪һЩЩ飬϶ҲǾĶǵġ

ţ漱кˣ

Ͻƿ½

½һżֵˣɱϿˣϻһŸˡ

˵̳һ߽ӹһʣڲڣ

µͷĿǰ߾ˣɸֵܶ

һչȻüͷ˭ģ

һҲŽ

ǵС͵̧ͷˣмǵˣ

ѹüͣɨһϵݣء

ɺɽԼĲ±ϿѺʱżովܾϵ󣬾ýֺͷ룬֪ʲô˼

ʱ򲻹ܲ뿪ǣôǿ϶ͻΣգڲ뿪ǣҪӦȢϵǧѩ

Ǹһֵܣܡ

ܱŽӣſڣΧĻ

ΧһȦһ࣬վڱϣصĲˣڻǺ˵ģûɱΧҪ˼Ӳģǲᶼѷɡ

ѩôϲ磡øô󶯸ɸꣿ

۳ǰˣֻܹ̫ÿ̫̫ˡ

飬ˣڳҲԼˣʱܲǰæ

ҡҡͷɣڳӴĺܶ鶼ʥģ棬κԾǳģʱñ˰ǣﲻˣẦǣ򲻿ɵã

ܱС˵ˣ˵ץĽֹһ󽫾ǻʵ۵׵ܵܣ㶼ôҪץסˣ˵ʥӦʹźãνȴ֣ϲûʹ㣬˺ܶս飬̫ϳˣ

ҡҡͷûʲôϳսĸ׵ĵܵܣʥϻҲȻ

һ·Ѻͽ˾Ȼĸ׵׵ܵܣҲľ˾ˡ

ֲã
ֲһ·ôܣûŰóԺúȹš

һ·ϲ鿴Ρ

һܾɣ

ҪҲʥ⣬к岻ֻаҽ˩ھǣ˵ûвģҸ׵ȥǰһؼңʥʼû׼˶ûһֱڵȻᣬҪֹʥûа취һȥֿȻ

̾ʥվŲң

һͻȻ˵ˣʯͷİ취㻹˭֪

һ㶣ɫ˲ȻֱӣЦһͷʥΪʲôŲңҲΪʲôҸԼһȥ

˶ˣҲ֪ˡ
ķֻԼ֪ôһֹᣬʯͷڣǼֱ绢Ļʵۿ϶뵽һ㡣
ɬ̣û뵽֮ô֮ǰŹȢԼǲ֪ԡ

һ뵽ɣԼµСӣ֮

̴չȥ˵ˣһ취

šüͷһãҪֹǰ˵ˣ˵꣬飬ȴӦϣȻȰǾȳ뿪ǣһߡ

¸˶֨üͷԽԽֱӾܾ

һбķӣ롣

˵

ʱŽһ˲ˣѩˣѾ¥ˡ




42.  ǧ   ѩʵ̫

ǵһȥ, 綼ûüӦֻһӰһ㣬ֱſ, ˳ȥ

ѩʵ̫ˣ⼸쵽֣Լ˶Ľ, ͣĿõǺˣ

лˣ

ſ, ¥ݿ, ֻһ;, ͷιʶĿ, һװıӰ¥, ˰˸Ѿߣ滹ĸ, һ۴ãָԼſڶվ

ѩߵм, һο档
סˣ

ʶĹװˣɵľ̾, ѩԲ, üĿ续Ķÿ, Ȳ˳ׯ, ¥̬˫ȹڣŮ·

Ǹоڿʶ΢΢̧ͷ, ֻûһ飬һ鵽ʲôԲλ࣡
˼ұȣԼ

ʱŴӴһᣬһģͷҲûãõķɻͷˣԼ˳ûĨۣ֬ûüһ

ʶקק·ͷһͷԼ㡣

ѩӦҲԼˣԼͣ˴룬ͷſһƺӣϱûκα仯

ǻϲģ΢΢Ǿܿ

ѩϵ¥ʱҲ˳ԾĽһŲԼ󣬳ǰֵ֪кιɣ



ѩղŻϲڿʱĨϲͲˣȥܸоġ

ϾǧǼ棬Сֽܹģôܻʧ΢΢ӣͷ˫ֽ࣬ö

ֱܾпӣ

ѩվֱӣ˫ֽǰÿܹ淶ˣˡðܾ𣿡

ͷɿֻĳѾ¹˻ԼǶŮ£Ӹĸ֮¹ĳĸ׵궨µģǾнĺŮӣȻĳ⣬һ

ĳ¹Ѿ˷֮ʵ׼лĳӦ飬ǱֶԲˣذɣ

һӾͺˣɶʱ˷֮ʵ§˯·ûѣô˷֮ʵˣ˳

ѩһţǽ֮˷֮ʵ¹ûи׵¾͸˷֮ʵֱǲأظ˹ģ˸Ůһʵڲף

ղŻϧֱǻðɡ
ѩֱŮѵķ

оĳ嶯쵽ס֣΢͡

ײĳ飬ͲͿˣǿô̹ĳҪǱ˿ȥǲ˹ģ䣬öǧǧĳʵڲ䣬ذɣ

˵࣬Ϳ͵

¥Ҳû˸ҿ֣˭֪ǧټսӣԶǲɢۿȺû֪˵̸ʲô

ѩˮѾۿתˣʹԼģ̣ȫ˵ˣҪҿԽܣʱ檡

û뵽˵Ŀɿڴ

ǧ𰡣õĿΪ˼޸磬ͬ檣

Ҫô΢

˵öɶǣΪʲôҪϵأ

ѩʹһĴѾƺȥˣǰһ׶˵ˣˡ¶죬Ҽҿ㣬ǴʮĳģԴǰҼҿˮ֮ȫ㣬꣬жٹȢҼҿҼҿϣȫܾˣԣ㲻ޣҲ֮ˣҼҿʱѾ˼֮ףΪβŸȴҼҿһǻӶûǽҰŮֱˣ

һƤӣ

ѩȻ˵üﲢûвãһĴѾߡ

ȥ˵һͨ˱ϾǿҪ˵˻϶ȥ鷳

Լɡ

ܵʲôɣһתֱҲ˵һ䣬ˣ̫

һɫҰ˹ȥ

̰˱ڻһ˺ü˻̧ͷѩĳֻǾ֮ͣʱ㴩·Ұˮڳܶ˶ô˼֮ףУĳⱲֻһһһ˫ˣ檣˵һԲԲ¹ذɣ

˵겻ٶ໰ͽӡ

ѵһţſڣɷžˣ

籧ûеߣ̧ۣͷץĸ첲

һͷ۾ԲģһЦ⣬һ㶣漴˵װģ

һס죬⳯ſڿС˵˻ûߣСı

ЦˣͷѶͷĶͷϣﶼǵ٩ղ˭˵Ȣ˵Ҫҵãٷƣ

һ죬ͷһ£ˣ˻棬϶ûߣھͳȥ˵ͬȢˡ

˵žҪҪһתڴ˺ϣһֻס졣

Ա߶ʱһͿŲˣǿǺãǿأǲ

ЦŰŤװ̧֪ͷֱǼǽ˼

ĸ˷׷תͷǣ罫ѸӡһǣСвٸҳЩ⣬Сʰ㣡

һΣ˶ˣоûᰡҪԱˣ̼̼ҪôʰԼ

˼С
һᣬˣˣ

Ŀһټת˵¹㽻һ񡣡
һվ֪ʱܹؼҿЦ̵Ը

ȥţǿ֣ʵǷڣһ˿ӽſķ

ϽͷãǷģ齻ң

ֻ˿ãܰһҲǺõġ

̳ſϣ¥ԷסˣֿŵСȥкſˣûͦ֡

ֻǵСÿһ̧ͷ֪ڿԼţʱʱҿסķ߶ˣ֮ǰǼסԲ¸ǽж˿ſڡ

ʱԷס˲࣬ˣҶؼˣﻹǺ塣

һᣬֻС̲˵ǵǵǿʼ¥ˣ̽סСղžͼһֱңѲͲ˸ҳԣ

СվסţһЦͷԶԶԣ⼸ҼܴԵĶſ϶дܣ͹̲ˣԽ̲ˡ

ܣż




43.  ؽ   ۽΢΢ʪˣ

Цһ, ֮ǰôСͲˣ۰Ͱ͵Ͳˣһ˼, ҪͲˣͷҵ˵ǲӦˣ

ܴ, ¥µÿͶˣ׷Ц, ƹȥ, ֱӺǳС, Ҫǲɾͳ, ҪҵĿˣ

ƹĺС, ԭҲСһ뵽СǸֵ, С

ݺݵһ۵СĿһ, Ͻͷ¥ߣСĴ, ͸

̰̲˶˻ȥ, ܳкﲻɾ, Ͻʰ

ƹԶԶҾʾǸڰ֡

ʾԼȻƽ, ǻǺ

һᣬſˣС˵¹ȥ

ôͽ, Źʮӡ

һת˷ӣ缸һ࣬Ƿ׷׵ͷ뿪ȥŹϡ

糯֣֮ǰ˵ھǹ꣬ǰɣ

ͷҡҡͷѾŽǡ

ЦŽĻûпˣҴӦ㣬Ǿھǹ꣬ѾȥǵķӰһ£ǻǾͻԼķӡ

ɻѣû𣿡

ѹס۵׵ĺ壬§˵ܷʲô飬ʲôıʣֻҪסһ㣬ǾⱲֻȢ㣬ҲֻȢ㣬붼û

֪ǵʲôƻܸо˶ֵֹġ

ȴִסˣղԲߵʱ򣬰Լ֧ȥڣǲԼ֪ʱʳԵúܲʶʱ

ԸڲԼ϶ΪԼã

ͷõģҼסˣ

ֽأȷⱲֻһֻ޸𣿡

̧°͸ӣֱֱһѣϽ˵ҲǣⱲֻһˣֻһˣ

Цſһ˲˲סˣۣͷ֣һˣⱲӸˣ

ͷʱ³˵Լʱ㶨

ģ֪ΪʲôܸоУ§ڻܽܽƺǶһ㣬ʼյͷϰͷ̧ͷ˺ü¡

ҵİ⣬׻ˡ
ʵ֮ǰҪõ뷨ȫǿЦģʱԼͨǼ飬ܺã

ֱֱܾѩﵱʱҵģһǾȣһԼ뷨Ҫ顣

ѩʱ˱仯ףʱ§ԼˣĿԲҪٻԸԼһġ
һŷԼ֮ǰϷ̬ʵ̫ˡ

ղЩʱĶԲ֪飬Ҳûϵ

ֵشʱˣǲ飬ΪԼ֮ǰĲᶨ

Ż

۽΢΢ʪˣ̧ͷԼ˫ȥ

·úأһյĴ˶ˣڻ޶ȡǵĻ찵ء

УˮģҪǰǼʵ˰ɣ

䲻ʵļ£

ͷǰƺĴ˵ķ֮ʵǼ¡

˵귢û˵ֻԼ§øˣҲҿΪҪܹ֮ˡ

ûһĶļ˼ѵƿˡ
֮ԼѣΪ΢΢ʿˮ

̧ͷͷϸܵĺ顣
ͻȻԾ뿪һԶˣҶ˼ˡ

ͷҳȥһ¡

һߵſڣϰµģرۿҪˣʱеʧ䡣

û뵽ڿ֮ǰͣĶͷһۣÿճյġ

ͷ촽ճһЦȴûйճﷴġ
ղŲԼǸҪʱҲ뿪
ˣȻ˼ǵ׺ԲϾŮӣҲȥˡ
Ҳ֪ΪʲôͻȻеû˰ȫУܾ֮ǰ˵Щʲô鷢

ղֻ鵽ʱĵһ仰Լ̤ص

ûмЦݣͷеԼӡ
˶į

ֻһۣ̾תˡ

ŲֻˣЩִٵ̧ͷʶŲŲԼԼһ㣬ˣ㲻Ҫȥ𣿡

һƨԱߣҲȥˣڷ㡣
˵ץĸ첲ϲۼһЬ˳ƹ棬ˣ¾ͳȥɣû£ˣ˯һᡣ

棬˵꣬ѸӰԼǺãͼԼ

ͣڿУ£Ů˲ģˡ

üͷȥӱӱס˯

Ѿˣղôƻ𣬱۾ˣȥ㷿˯ɣ⼸ҲˣԺ󲻻ôȡˡ

ûһСŮ˵ֽ飬˵껰ۣл䣬ľı۽ǣͷ

§ûжһᣬȵĺ

Ȼ˯ˣ

һԼ˯ȻԼ˯ˣ˺һỹˡ

˼һᣬԼҲ硣

ǻʱѾӽƻˡŵʱѣ˸Ͻ

ˣʰĺܸɾҸֵȥ˺ܶණѾȥúˣڼշȥܳˡ

ԭھǵķﻹš

һ¥´ȥƹǱ߽ʣЦףã˵ԼҪظסˡ

ƹһֱЦ͵ſڣ缸һ뿪С͹ſڣһװ磬ſҿ˿Ȼٳȥʧڲƻ

Ľнϣʹж֮ңһլӣл԰ר˴

ŽԺӵʱһľ͸ЩŴլԺһ̨ͤ¥󣬳ȣܵ񶰣ӣߣݻϡ

һϲ
һŮˣϲҲزסӽһֱߵԺӾͻʮӣɼլԺĲС

ŵʱͼ¿еˣʵˣžͺܿɿǣﶼϲ̵ġ

ԺԺʮĹӭеūɼүˣ

ʱסˣ̽͵¹ǴȥѾߣԺרź㡣

ԼС˶ٵĹģҲܱ֣һۣͷ

ðɣӴ˵İš

ӺףˣҲûɶˣûطȥҿſһˣ¹ȴպãҪòϰٸ򡣡

Ͻ֣û˵Ѿ߾͹ˣһͷүͷ˿һúøɻҪǣ

緢ˣԺźǵӣȻǣ

λѾǧлվࡣ

ת˵ķǣһԺӣȥԷ극ȥ俴ҪǻȱʲôϽָ
ǸʯͷһסԺסԺ

ͷã
ɣ˵һ仰




44.  Ѿฮ   ˣġ

ܹ˵ٹһͳԷ, ȻطȥһȥһԷ

·ȥ˷䡣

һסˡ
, ˯ĵطұǻ͵ĵطмС, ŵǽϹžĻ˽ǺľӾ, ĸľĵʡ

ﲼõۼ, ˲֮ǰĹЩС, ˾Ųʮ
ǰڵϿ, ֻúÿ, 侳Ȼȫͬĸܡ

ߵ, żӴϴµĵɫʣЦˡ

ں˵, Ը·, أ

ת, ЦпλԲ, С׾, ü˳۵ģž˳ġ

תڿϣƣɸе㷢, ͷ˵

ǱţԺңֻҪģȻǡ

Ѿͼ˵ִԴˣʡǲ֪ôԼദֻҪǰֵַģԺǺһЩˡ

ס

ͷɫһϲҪ£Ͻס

Ҫ͹򡣡

æлллˣū澼סˣ

ڶܲڣȿóԼǰƹͷ˵ǵֽ̫˳ڣҸɺã

˵һ˼룬˺üһֱӣָ˵дɣϸɺã

ɸ̾˵ãǲԼʲôֻҪӸˣ½ССèҲԡ

˵ţͽˣһĵʱͷˣΣ

Цˣܺã
ˣˣҾֽŲ˳ڣ͸ˣ㿴Ρ˵˵ָ硣

ɸϸûȥϲͺá

˵곯⺰һ̽裬ﶼ̡

ɸϸϽæˣԼʱ˹Ŵ

ҲʶҪȥæһס

˸һžʳ

ܱȲ˲˵˾䡰˸¹šͳȥˣ

¹
ɸϸһۣе㾪ȡ
ԼԭǷˣǰã϶˽ҡ

ʱտʼ𾴾ͽһ㣬ֻǵλһѣҪԺлܵϽķˣǲźأ

һкԷ߹ȥͷҲϽ

壬裬ЩǶշǾ͸ҵļһԺٲǲģҸ¹һݣ

˵һ

Ͻˣʹʹã˵ﻰⶼūģ

迴ʱﶼðỨ

֪ʲô£Żŵġ

ϽԷһ֣壬裬Ҳһ£һԣ

ϻ̳Ͽ֣Ͻܾĸã˵һѣˡ

вˣвˣҲвˡ
ʱһֱỨ
ˡ

˵һỰͱ½ˣڴɸϸźҲϴ˯ˡ

ҹȥ˷˯ϸһ˯ڼӴߵϣʱȺ

˯ʱ̫ˣһ㶼˯ţ̵ĸǵĶµģʷȥرаȫУ˯š

˺һᣬϸ˵ˣҪˮūȥ

ãҾǰ˯ˣ˯š

ǷҪūʲô˵

˸棬ϸˣΪʲôᱻУ

ūǺˣҲǵˣֻǵСʱū澼ԲˣͰū˶ӣʱū澲ֻ࣬ǵӺףǹأͲԡʱū澱ȥฮ¡

ฮһµ

ǵģūฮһֱϸ³ΪС˵Ӱū֪ôڶū澾ͱ˳䵽˵ฮҪңĹµ˵Ҫǰûū澣ͰūȥԶׯźˡ

ֻ̾OO@@һǣֻϸѾˣڵأﶼſǻˣūޱǻ󶨵źˡ

ɵۣϽȥúģҲܣ

ϸ´Լżˣˣ䣬ϴţū澴·䡣

ɻشϣԼѾͷҲˮȣԶ֪ԼһʲôӵģõĻ˵˸Ҹ˼ҼˣҪõǾ˵ˣʲô鶼п

ҲŴǧǧ˵Ӱ

ڶһ磬Ѵɸϸеǰһ飬ԺȻҵˣǰôƺҲܣֻҪ⽫ǰҪһһū澣ס𣿡

ɸϸţ˵

ǴɷӦæ˵ˣū֪Ǻã򲻿ɣҪūǲԳūϰˣȥǻᴳģūڽźţعҪǴͷȥǿ϶˵ǽܽ˲ϣʱ𽫾ˡ

һͷˣаɣǣҪЩˡ

˶ǴฮģȻˣ϶Ҫ취ǣฮǵĹϵ̸ڣˣǡฮźǼģԺҲԼһֹԼв̤鷳

Դӻش󿪸ţӭϦҹҹѾϦ

˻ᣬųԱ㣬裬ǰҿƺ£ǲлҪ˵

ֱһȰ¹˶˵ˣ쿪ۣô㣬֮ǰүʱ򣬾ʹɼңǻϣүȥ꣬͸һһκŮӣ尡˯žĴ˵飬ںˣ˸˵鴦˾ס

ͷе㲻˼ͷůůġ
ĵʱһɨգ֮Ƕκڴ
ɸϸģѾ˶裬λӾԺĽˡ

ϦҹʱѾˣѾ˯ˣ쿪ʼÿ츮ﶼΪ˻ûףһֹеĹҲͣķԸԹԴںԺԺÿںɢ˯Է

ɸϸź򣬼첻˾Ϥˡ

ѾҲ࣬ͨദвԹɫҲʵл۵ˣǱݺűģǿˡ

ŵҲġ

˴һ죬ҪȫһԷģһֱڻûлɰҪȥ㣬˭֪ʱһ¡

ˣ˶ڴ˵Ҫฮˣ




45.  ˼   ˵ûôں

һʱǲŵ, һǴˣ˵š
ԵɸϢʱֻǵЦһ, ùֽ̯ϴ򿪣ָϸһһ, Цеɺóˣǿ쳢

ɶҪ, , ղ, ҲΪԼ, ר˺ü, Щ˵Ķ࣬б۵, ôм٣

Ե¸㣬ۿӳԵһ, ġ
ӣֵ, Ȼദ˶̶̼, ȴõӡ
󽫾ôԷĹﲻҪҸŮף

֮ǰô, һ㶼ü٣ôܲϲԼӣ

˳ʱ, ŷֲԾˣ˵õģһǰԣʱһ, ˰ѷ͹ˣߵϸȥ˹

ϸ˵ˣղ˵ڿʼǺԺҪʲô˵ȥÿĳʳƷɶĶᰴʱ͹ԼСҲǿԵģԺСȫǼˣ˵

պżˣһϸ
ŲŲսȭͷʲô¾˵ɣ

˵ʱͲҪȥˣʲôʱԳȥҪ֪ͨ

˵ͨһŵˣǲʲôˣԽҪ

ҲŹ˶ۡ

ȭͷŬŲûбֳһ˲뵽ڿջ˵Щ

ҲˣһĵʲôƲߡ

ڣ統ʱ˵Լ˺󲻹ʲô飬ҪҲɣ϶Լԭ

ܻ飡

ԼƲߣΪʲô

뵽һȦ̾ͺˣҲȥ΢΢ţȥĲѡ

ϸɸϽȥ塣

˺һᣬһ۾˵ұˣҹˣԺҲûʲôӹҾ͸˴ô˰Ҹ£

ϸһҡͷ˵ˣĶȥ͸Щ꣬Щõˣǲ³Կֻ࣬ҪܰȻţ͹ˣ˲Ҫߣ

ĳȻˣǾɣǷģֻҪһİȣһҲİȣ

˵ͷ룬һ֣µѾʽδŵķˣԺǲҪٳƺҷˣҪȥǺãԺͽС¹ɣ

ɸϸƬ̣ͷ
ɣЩ΢Ц˵

ͷǾôˣǳԷЩȻѾˣҲûã

˵ᣬЦŷֿӡ

ϸԼɳԷСŲŲ£ȻͬҲһ

ǴҹԺҹʱʱƺ̾˳һһǷ

һֱӻŵž˯ˣڶӵɫ㲣۾׵ġ

ϽպʪëʲôƿԸǽҪԼƻˣ

ͷ֪ϾϲˣҪȢˣȻĵģû£ǲᣬһ˴ţҪȻǡ

˵ľ͸ҳ㷹һɵͷ۾˵ҶģҪʱҺϸǾſԱݵţ㺰һǾ

ã

˯˯˳ԣ˺ü죬С˯Բˣġ

˻ָĲˣ״̬֮оԼ·ˣϽء

ںԺ˳Էʰ֮ҲûԺﶯȥһ㲥٣һ٤ɸϸȤǡ

£һһʽ
˹һͱЦַǳ

ſڵ̲סŶ֪Ϊʲô飬Цôġ

ͷһɻ˵¹ǲǲϲǴˣ

üͷͷԵɣ

Цĵӣ֪ǴҪϼҽˣЦôûûΣ

ҡҡͷ¹ﲻˣҾ;¹ﲻһ㣬һ˶һ

ʲôأͻȻһԳ

˹񣬡ˣ

֣Σ¹ɺã

˶ƣ첻˵

ʱֱһЦһӾˣߵǸ

ʱüһӻÿ϶ϸţüͷˡ

ѵ֪ЩϢ
˵ûôںԼ




46.  Ҫ   򽫾ѾҪס

šüͷ˺һ, ˵ʱѺԺΧغˣҪκ˽ȥ

ģҸֵѾ˽ԺΧغˣ֤κ˽ȥ

ͷ, ׼ߣС˵ˣ¹ﶼԼڷﲻ, ҲԵ٣ҪҪȥ

˶, ҡҡͷ, ʱҪ, һ̲ס, ͻǰ, һȻ͡

ߺ, ҡҡͷǺο࣬˵, ¹һǲͬģʱӦѹ, Ī϶˼롣

ֹ, Ҫ˵϶Ĺ, ھغúԺֹʹ

˲, ţԼȥһ

Ժסˣ, ǧˡ

ʱ³δü³սʱʱˣֱӰϵãȥǰſڡ

ųܴ˳װηǳŮʮһųȥʮԶ

ѩڳͷᡣ˳ûУ

ԱߵŮ˵ؿѾ˽ȥͨˣӦϾ͵ˡ

˵꣬صľŴ汻˴򿪣ſڡ

ѩˣ³

߹ų̂ףվ̨ϳѩأȻʥǳ׵˼ǱϾʥּδ£óȻǰʵĳ֣ҲʵΪ룡

ѩŮĲûȤҵ˵ˣǵĳǰ϶飬㣬ҲӴ׺ǹϵһЩҶҵʲôѽ

վֱӣʵڲȰǿԾܾģ

ѩϽڰ֣𣿡˵ɫһ壬Ǽ⣬¡

üͷ΢΢𣬡кҪ£

ˣȻҪףиô

ĬĬһ˵ĿߵŮ

ѩϴ𣬡ˣñɵ֪⼸Ҷǰ컹ҵջȥ㣬˶ܿǸ¹ϵһ㣬ɲŮô򵥣

˵̧ž̨ףֱֱ磬һ߽Ҫ޵ˣҪһһ⣬аģʱҿԭ£׺ȻȫĴˣһֵĴ˵ȫģ

Ǹ¹ڽ

һƽ¹ҵˣԼ˶ˣкף󾩳ǧ֮ؼʶȻǱһǿģȴһŮһʶȥ˻ô˵

ȿش̵˻˵СǼˣöʣһŮѣԺҪǲϲҿϼȥ

˵ϻеЦݡ

ⲻԶкܶ࿴ֵȺҲĿŵװǱ͵

ѩ󶼴źȰˣҲãҪǼ˰סĺԺΧøͨһ㣬ҲҪˡ

۵׺һȭͷ̣ĳЩҲΪ˿ǣȻѾôذɣҾʥϵĴͻ鼴ɣ

ѩˣŶûһ㶼ȥ޲ʱʱ̿ڽߣͿһֱһǶã

Ǽôղźò׶ԼɫһЩҪԼӲҪ϶ġ

ˣѾˣҲһʱǸµģʰԺеʱ䡣

뵽ЦͬתϳǰͷһۣԼͷһϲͷЦ

һߣʱԶ󣬳ӻ֣̳ƻԿʼˣλ˿Կʼ׼ˣˣ¹̫Σˣ취Ҹط

̵ͷְȥ죡

ߺֽܱȥ顣

***
ڵʱֿʼˣ⼸ʵʧʧˣϷȥ˯ţ˶˺þãϣܺ˯һЩ

ȥſڶ˷Ĵɸϸûл׼ȥյſڣͿ米֣粽ǰ棬ɸϸ̸ں档

һ˲䣬Īί˲ˣһתܵ䣬š

ǽݣ̷º˳ȥˣȥǰԺԷ߲źˣл¹˵

ϲ̵ĵͷȥˡ

һߣͰŹˣһԼԼŹϵ
Ժʱֻ

ĽŲˣһߣӰӲ

򽫾ѾҪ׵ˣŮйŮһң²װɣ

˵꣬ͱ˾˻һ룬ǵӡϣϵף˫۸ͨһ㽫§Ľġ

ֻܿдķݡ

òͿճͻ۸ˣſң㶼ҪˣҳȥҲҪһ˳ף

˵˾ȥݣλϣЦŵȳԷ극Ҹ׵¡




47.  ͬԡ   ûˣԼ

Ļˡ

ʹڳԷ, ʲôһȥ֮, ¿Ӻ룬ЦſԣҿϵĺóԶ԰ɣ

һ, ûûķ߿

ͷ, ղŮ˵ϴˮ, ȥˮþߡ

˵꾹Ȼĳȥˡ

۾, һˮ, ٹһŹŵ, ղŻһǻί˲͵

ҲԲȥˣھͷ, ֱȥϴ

һ磬һľͰ, ˮƣˢ, ˮ, ոպãһͰˮͰһЩ, źˮҨһ÷ˮȥ

ֱӽͷϷ, ͷͷ·ֻʣǶϽȥ, ¡

ˮΧ壬ÿë׶Ҫһˡ

ˮиץߣŬɣϸ˷ܸС

һֱ浽ˮ½һ㣬żæŲϣŴɸϸô

ղŽʱ͸ɾ·Ҫǻһôȥ

һᣬǲ˽żС

ɣϸ𣿡
û˴Ӧ

̾һ֪ɶȥˣˣô·ϣȹŻط˵

˭֪վ洫ŲһǸŲǴɸϸġ

һţæȥͰ߱Լ

Ųһֱһ㶼ԥ

׻ˣ˭

Ҫ֪˿δŴƣҪǱʲôͽӿ




ʱˣȻţѶ³ȥ۾ҿ

˵䣬Ѿתˣﱧһѡ

¼һֱӾͿʼ·ˡ

ɵˣһĲĳˣǲǷˣ

¾ȥ·˵̧ȿľͰ

ˮĽһζˮ˳Ĳ㻬֡

һתˮʱͰء

Ͻһͷתƣ˭ָ֪һǰһ̣ʵʵ̽

ĸоѾûˣŵһƣһĻ˵ˣѾȫλƿҲȫλܵġ

˿ɢ˼ƣգɫˮģ޵ĺ촽İҧš

ֻһۣ˾Ͳˣο˻

ˮеˣ䣬һ㶼ˣ⿿¶ůˡ

Ϊ⣬ҲŰ裬ֻܹԹԿ˿ҶһСľͻצ

ǲǻҵʴ̰Ƶ

һ̶ûֹͣ

лҡҡͷĸңǴ󽫾ǧĹ
ﶼǷ̣

˵ļ˲ɷ˵ת˸˾ſˮ棬һ

°͵ϣϵĴ

§˺ܴƵ˵֮ǰûиϸļƻǲȷвУֱ翤鷳Ҳ֪ƻԽС


Լ鷳

̧ͷ˵

⼸˰סĺԺΧˮйͨǺ鷳ڿջ潻֪ҵʲôˣڶģҶ˵ϲҵĻ϶Ͷ֣

˵ʲôо

֮Ҿ֪ҶĶˣ

˵ͻȻ֣ھֻ죬Ҫֵ°Ǿȳ֪᲻ɹֻҪһʧܵĿܣ㶼յǣҾ뿪һ˰͵һȫĵطҳɹˣȻȥӻʧܡ

㲻ʧܣżڡ

ҡҡͷһᾡһа취ɹǾԲɺã

һѾ³⣬ɹȻãûгɹ˵ԼԻĹѪ

ǣûˣԼĺô

⻰˵̫ɷ羰ˣһ뵽пѹ˿ʲô˳ӡ

ͷ

ﶯݣͷͷӡһǣ漴ԡͰקԼһɾ˴ˮ̳öԼҲ˳ϣ˱ֱȥԷ

ҹůҡҷת¶ֱǰη塭



ֱ賿ʱһ̣ŽսͣһѾƣ˯ȥ

΢⣬˱ڻϧϴã·ộųȥ

ѾȺˣ˳ǰˣѾ׵ְҵһطѾ¹滧

ͷź˶ź𣿡

µͷѾӶѾ׵㿴ɸϸҪҪһŹȥ

ҡҡͷף˾ߣ֮ǰฮˣҪǺף¹߷ˡ

õĴˣѾܱķԸһ¹òʮƵŮӡ

Ļ㽻þУӽ쿪ʼһ뿪Ժھ¹뿪ɣҹζ࣡ˣѾͷͽ.ȥԺź죬ǸŮӣ֪ô

̵ͷְ

***

ʱ򣬻ʹ˯ĴһֱڻΣ֨Ť֨ŤΪںս

͵һ¾۾

ܣԼôһϣ




48.  µ   һھǡ

ǰһ, ÿӣָϳǸеģӰ, ʱһ
һӦǻ᲻ᱻˣ

һ룬ƺԣŪĺ, ԼֽҲûбĸ˷ô, 

뵽, 

һͷ, ԭܱ, Ц˵¹ˣ

ͷ, ֵܣҪȥ

ܱ˿ûͣ¸ϳٶ, 뾩ѾʮˣһǾܵط, ¹ͷһ, Ǵ˸, 㿴

سȻͷҵһš

, ŵʱӦѾˣ֮, ΪͻˣʵڻϲýӽԺĳΨһ, ֪ˣֲʣ

һ졣
ʼԳΪˣ

磬ȻдЩ±˿Ҫ䵽ǶΡ

£һЩڱ

ΪӵİΣ룬Ϊܱȥס˴һУӽ쿪ʼֽº죬ˮԭطҵӣΪ๫ȥ˹ѣǻعؽڣȥԴŲŲؽڸʡȥ鷳£˵ЩģΪһУٶȥ͡

ŤŤˡ

һ̰ͨŪʲôݲãҪŪѸ಻һھĳ˹Ѹ
ͻ

ÿӸܱ졣
ֵܣ˵ǱĻǣ

ܱҡҡͷǱģзҶȾȥˣҲȾȥģֻǻûüͨϼݣҶɽзţСĸ˫ǿ԰ټҷģСʱЩ岮ûٸۣŴһ뿪ȥǻӣһ߸ɿһѧϰھ˸ĻҲǿ׸ңҵİ¹˺ӣֻû뵽Ҵӵڶ͹ˣСﱻ˴ӣﰵＷˣ˱ݺϳ⸮ŻҲ࣬꣬Ⱦȥˡ

ǵоһԿˣͻȻ뵽һؼ顣

ֵܣ˵ŵĵ͹ˣݻĸۡռˣôз

ܱ̾ɲڵķȥģԳǷŵˣҪջصԼլӣЩȻϰݣ²֦͸ǮˣҲǴ˵˼

¹ģǱȥС˶ֵģѾӶԼˣ¾ܷԸǡ

ɸϸҲȥ𣿡

ûУฮģ˲Ǹš

ʱЩʧ䣬˸ոոԼϤеϧǸӵģǱϾฮôãһй¶ʲôǾ鷳

ֶ䣬˵˱ţʱ
ֻҪǺúõģԺܻлġ

ݵʱѾҹʱˡ

һ·㵽ˮԭطҵլӡ

ϺڶģǶܱȥߵţ˶˰ţű㿪ˣĸС˴ӣ׷׳֣Ӱ

һЩ㣬̾ͳɹѸˣЦŵͷλˣ

λС˰æϵļӰһȥںԺ

һţѾӾӭ˹һӣĸѾߣһ

ԣҶӣʮͷȥ麩񣬿žǸصġĸѾ߷ֱϦĺƣơƣ

ˣȥһѾ߳ƺͲԺߡ

ӴϦĺȥ˳˲ˡ

ǶԺӣȻ󣬸ȴܺãԺķ㣬ķӾͰ¥ϡ
¥һ䷿ġ

ܿ극ܱ¥ˣһ·ӶҪɢˣһ·ϱԼ࣬ھҪߣʵ̫ˡ

ֵܣЪϢһٻȥ

ܱҡҡͷҪϻؽӷģ½·ȽϿһЩʱܵ

֪㶣·Сġ

ܱ֮ǰֶһ˺úչӣ뿪

ߺӵİ£Ͻ˯ʲô˵

Ʋźԡ£˯ºǻˣĴҲûҡθˣȴ˯š

ȥĶһ飬ִ̼ɬԭŮ֮˼ȻտʼܲӦӦĸоĺܰ

ϲƿڻĸоֳ̣ñռУǳ

Ҳ׵׳ģǻӵС

ԽԽ˯ţԼڱ磬ûкúĻͳ谮˾ͷֿˣ֪ʲôʱټ

뵽۾ѩףҪǣͲЩ飬Ҫһ˳ƽͻʯͷˣ˵⼸ͳˣ챧һ˯

ѩˣɸӣ

һֱʱҲ˯š

ѾˣгƸƵС̸

ǳԿˣǳƵ
ǣôÿֲýϲ

ǲСѽҸʲô

ӣ˵©ȥʱ͸˴鷳

۾һʾԼˡ

ƸƸϽÿʷֱҺá

ˣū澷°ɣ

˵ǳƣ࿴ۣСԲ۾һɼУ˱Ƚ̤ʵһЩǸصסˡ

ԻһЩ۾ģһ˵¶ݡ

ûоܾڣ󣬿ʼױ̨ǰױ

˿ͭԼԳ˵ҰɫͿһЩ

˲ͶˣЦŵͷӷģū澶˼

Բ⣬ôÿΪʲôҪɫͿһЩǱˣ

Ц˵ԣҪһ㣬Ѹ

̱㶮ˣͷӴ

Ƹ˼򵥵ķΣ̶ֻסͷټƫƵɫ׵촽ôһ㲿С

һ°ɫ۴ϣؾ䡣

ƿŻĸûд򿪣ĵʰɣ

ƽסڨڨջ֣˼ӣˡū񣡡

ЦЦ޷һĶҪʲôһԸˣȥɣ

˶һùˮȥˣĹţʼ鿴

ǰﶼ·ִ򿪺䣬ɵˣȫǽ鱦϶ֵƣһ滹һСӣó򿪣ʮƱ

ֵʱͿʼ

ôǮŲźã

￴ȥƱڻ棬鱦Ų

ȻţƸ

һĶסˣЦ˵ҵỤ̊һЩ鱦ǼڲᣬҪõʱҲˡ

ƿ⣬߽С˵ӣһǼӼģ

˵ָ鷿Ǳߵһӡ

߹ȥŴ򿪣ڱˣûʲôصģȴһְסϷһְסм䣬ʹǰһƣڱƣ¶һ

С

һֽ̧ʣһ߼¼һš

ոշڱںϣһʯͷ˵ء

ŪЩϦ¥½Уӣ˵Űݷã

֪̾һǾȥɣ˵תԳ˵ͬȥҰ·ҵ¹

Ҫȥſĵʲô




49.  ˵   ϰʥϸ硭

¥ʱ˺ܶ, ȻֻǼʱ䣬Ѿִ뵽ڡ

ʣӹŵ񶼲, ô䣬Ѳݸ߲ȵ͡

֮ǰŸĸ˫һ¶۸, ûκԺӾͳ岮ݵ

ţ붼֪ʲô

ߵǰʱ, ˿мոúõλ͹Ʒ, ѵȼ, ð̡

ſ, ĸС˹, ĸ˵ֺܼ򵥣Ϊü, Խд׳󻢴ȫ

һǾЦ, Ӳסĸһ, ۶Ǿ⡣

һźغ, Ҫ壬ͲҪСš

ĸͷ

𼱴ٵ, üͷһ, ͷȿȣóƿš

Ѹţվ࿿벽

ſˣվ, ٶС

һãȻǣҲȻ˳󣬵ǵţɫƣҲһ㲵

⼸һģ°ʶֵʲôˣȢôСӣ

һ˵кã޸ܣ

һ񣬡ǣ𣿡

˻û˵վǰʮһڣѵȻ֪˭

ͬһڣҽŵҷңûǣ˭֪˭˵ͷϵģڼɹ̫ڱ˼ʲôף

˱ĺֱ£ݵָҿŴֶǱ޳ܵŮģ

ˣ˾ǷŵĴ󲮡

Աһ΢һЦ˵ǸֶϱҴƽϣԼޣ˵ֶϱˣҴźһ¡

ӦǷŵ壬ǣ߰ҵĺӣӦǵӡ

һֱɫɢңɫеġ

˫۱ſһվ߰ɣҲʶǣ˵Ҳûã

һʹĿǰլӣŮҪǲʶҴֶͰҶܵķӻ

ǽĿģ

˫ۣһⷿǵģ

ǷҵģȻǵģ

˼˵ֻҪǷҵģǵģֻҪǷҵĶҵ˶зݣ

Сһ£ûü˵˵Ȼ

ãЦЦͷĸкһ׳󻢴ǹ

ˢˢվվһš
Ը

תͷ󲮸ղ˵ֻҪǷҵĶ˶зݣôҲǷˣǵķǮƣǲҲзݣλҵǸǻȥһһҷַݺǮơ

󲮸Сɫʱͺˡ



ǰһʣ๫Сĸ˫岮տȴռ˼ҵլӣ๫ϳȥⷿӱǰռô꣬˳Ǯߵģ쾹ҰΪ˾͸۸Ҷ𣿡

󲮸Сһ׷һһҿؽҸ浹үȥҲռߣھȥãҪЩס๫լӵǮҪǰǰȡǮ³

ȫ죬û˵ù˵ŴŮ˾ٲάʱ

ȥã飬ͷβܵȥ˵Ƕû

ҵӸղŻһɫԺ˵бռһƣɵˡ
ⲻĸϻ˭ȥĸϻ

㣬˲٣ղǳʱԱ߾вٿֵģһ׷

ЩУһͷף˵ţΡΡŹȴ߳ϵﻹŲСӰղ˵ĿǷǣ

ȥͷţǷŵӣŲţһΪؽڣ

һᣬĺӣôôõĺӣȻѾˣСʱûطȥɽȥ͸Űҿ񣬿ڿˣĺզȥأ

⻰һھӷ׷ԣ˵СʱĿ£СʱǿЩַӼòųģȻͱٻˡ

˻վ˶ָűһһ䣬Ҳҳһֻɰ

ĸСſţִԵȺҸˡ

Ϊʲô»ҵլӣٰ緽ŵӣӸշܿⷽ˳ɲ˴԰סΪᶼǶԷжˣֻҪ˸۸Щ˾ͻվ˵

ߺסŵ֣ʾлţԺʲô¾кһһȥæ

ˣһһлŵֻҪҪͻȥæ

ݺóʮӣϦĺȥ϶㣬һһָᣬھǳĸ㣬˸ǳмӡ

***

һȥֹ̲ս͹̲ʱ˾ǣ̲ͬӣʱѺ̲ʥϴ

ֽ¹ش󣬻Ϸǳӣ֮ûһֱѺţȻԼ뷨ϾЩ˵ǿѨ磬˵ʲô򽫾ֹĺӣڵս׾˾ˣҪ֣ӦϣôǾͻضɽҡ

ͷ˵˼仰ȥˣʱ䲻ֻ࣬һӡ

֪ʱȣһҲ飬ưϵĵΡ

սֽű˩ŹֵһΡ

쳣սӶˣͷ쳣ң翴ĵһۣе˵˰Ϊʣ̸ֹУȴŪ⸱ģȥǶڵڵɷӣ

Ǻ̸̬

ЩϾͶвɣཨ鼸䣬ǲ˵»

սվˣ

ս̧ͷһĮ򽫾ôʲôҵЦ𣿻°ܽ

翴ߣѹ㣬ʶ˪

ֻһ䣬ս͸һ˹ҪŸǰʱֽϵǣסۣŭҽԣ

翴ζӣ˵ĻǾ˵ĸ׻ţֹĺúõġ

ս˵ɵ˻ǵװôˣ

ҡҡͷûôǲǣԼĺ

˵껰͵ͷһãĸļֻо֮ǰ֮͸˾ǣЩ꣬ĸ׵˵ΨеΣҲǸ׺˾ƣ˵ĸ׵顣

֪ĸ뿪Щ꣬ûٳɼңûӣ˺ӣǷ񻹼ǵ

ʮ游׳׶ֹڣдûлʧǣƽͲսϣ֮ǰһҪһʬǴȥҪںɽϿֹǱߣΪǱߡ

սͻȻɴ۾ֱֱ磬Ϊθҽ㳤ôر˫۾ӣ

˵ͷȻʧ񣬡ҽǧ֮ȴǵ°ȥ˺ӣʮ꣬ò׻عȴȰҸͣսҸʵʱˣֱӰ޺ѰٻҪȥĺӺ๫ҸʵʱҪ˭ҷߣɱ⣡

͸£ҲټޣҪãʾס֣ͬˣ˭֪˼꣬Ȼʧˣڱ߾һʱѾǴԺˣУûУɳܵĳţʱҸڲϣϢʱһغˣ

ֳλҪɱΪҸױ𣬻͵͵һŪȥҷѾ˼ǰһ죬ͻȻͲˣһֱڣҶûҵ

򽫾ǲץˣץңʲôԣֻҼһ棡

ڵѪʱ߶ˣֹǴ꣬϶ȥĸˣĸ׵ʱǸӿ϶Ǹ׵ģǰĸ׾Ͳֹˣȥ

͵̧ͷﶼ⣬ֱֱսкŮ

սѾסˣĺӶԲԣ

ͷʱܼܹ̳ͣ˵ҸǰʧٹȥǹӦȥĸ׵ģĸ׶Ǹӿ϶Ҹ׵ģ˵ĸǰʧ٣ҸǰʣҲֻһֿܣǾˣҸף

ĺŮ

սţ۾Ӹ̫ˣɲţǷӣҲǼװġ

Ů߰ˣ

ãһᾡȥãϵ㣬ҵˣлǼһ棡

սǰĴҲûŭһο˵ȥˣսϾˣȥ˵˵ЩǴ̣̫ˣ

ҪͣսͣԺĻɾͶˣ

һΪҵһؽ㣡

˵ţнŲѹ˵սأҲٴξһ

սͷһֱ俴ŻͷȻڲݶﾲϢ˶˳ԼͷҲ

̲˳õֹĽ飬дԸΪ˽͵ֹ

ˣʥĴ֣ʹʹսĽȥ̸С

ͬʱฮĻ£Ҳܹ׼ţ͵Żʵ۴ͻ飬ʱֱӿԳɻ顣

һºʹϢֹսĽͬ⽲ֹͣ󳼣̸ָ֮е顣

ʥմãֹ϶սʮ꣬һֱûͣϢսͣԹҺնһֵø˵顣

Ǵ£ȥܿ˰Ϣ

ȥһ죬յ˺üⵯϵӣͬʱϰʥϸѩͻҲ




50.     ѾԺˣػɡ

ϵǱ˺ʹ˵, ߸вͬ

ƹбʼ, ϾѺʿ˽ϴ󽫾ߵĺܽĸֹ, δֹĸ׵ĵܵܣ׾˾ˡ

ȵɺ˲òɡ

Ͽ, üͷ, ̸ֹ۵ĹҴ»ûг䶨, Լ˾С, Ҫʲô

췴

һ, ʹھռһЩԷ
Թ٣רų䵱ϵĵĶĿ, һвڳۣռЩ, ǰѻϿһͷ
˵֮û뿪, ΪŸ, Լ米Ĺϵıλܶ߹ٶϵ, û˸Ҹ߻ϡ

кܶ治ۣĻֱӾ¡



̻, ػϣ򽫾ڽ

վֱ, 㼴̴ȥ⽫ֱ̲ӿѺ

۾ֱգϽּȥ졣

䣬Ǳ߻Ҫӹעʲô

ȥ

ߺ󣬻ͻ£Ц浱Ǹɵӣ

ԱߵĹ۹۱ǱǹģһԸ϶һ衣

Ͻӹ룬һһڣž˳Щ

鶯ܿ죬һʱʱ䣬ʹ˽ˣ类ѺΣʣµȫѺһȺ䡣

һٷ¾ʹ˾ǣϢʱڳԷһڷԼҭʱͻˣȥ鷿˼룬ȥиԼõĹԱ¡

һ죬нӶĹԱЩΪĹף˵ҲǱ˭֪˾˻ۡ

࣬˵ԼͿ󽫾쳣ԲŻѺˣʵ飬ʥϴͻʵʵԼŮľˣˮ˼֮ףѲʥϽΪϸ׵һ֮١

鵽ʵ۾ͷۣǶȥʱ˭£Ҫú롣

˼գֹʹ̸ĲˣҪ̻ع֮ǰҪʵۡ

ʵ۸ϽټȥֹսҲ

սϴһȥʥ֮ǰԸڵЦЦĵȴ

ڳϣۿеսֻһۣһ

߰˷
ģ

սһݻϣϣ¶˵仰˵Ĳԣɷˡ

ʵ۵ͷս㾡˵ҴӦ㣡
˵˵ĲҲ٣

һսվֱͦظŻϣϿ֪֮ǰΪʲôд飬ƫƫǰʱͬд

Ҳɻ󣬡ս˵˵

Ϊ󽫾

ɫʱһɫ

󽫾ȥңҽ飬ҲʱҲ֪ҽĺӡ

ȵȣվ˼˵֮ǰȫ֪ĺӣ

֪ҽĺӣⳡ̾Ͳһ縸һľϿ֪ҽ뿪縸׻ֹΪʲô

ѾԺˣػԼ֮ǰжǴġ

ҽعΪҸͣսãͿԺԼ๫Զžˡ

ϵüͷ

Ҹʲͬ⣬Ѻҽ㣬һ۾ʮ꣬ҹĳֱӳˣǾǰʧˣǵҶҲյƶϣǹң๫ˡҲ֪ǻҲ˺ǣԲŻսɧǣ֪һôҽǻֻ֪֪뾡ѰԼĸף׵Ըҵĸףúչ

ս˵סˣﷺỨ°;ҲţѻȸֹʹҲĨᣬһԿԼҴ󽫾

㶿սҸսʮ꣬ǿģҪģǰǶҵʱͿıΪʲôҪѡڣϺıȻ˵ͨ

˵ˣսѺͽҲ˵ͨҪͻʶֱϱ߾ͿԹˣõ¡

Ҫ֪Ǹط縺ģ

϶ͷ亹ֱðվӣΣƵ̨Ǳߣһһȥߵսǰģս˵ҶˣôҲˣģһẮģ飬ҲȥңҸǵ˻ȥɣԺпҲҺȲ裡

սܳͷ񣬡л³ȫԺܻ֧֣ͬչ

ϵȥһ롣

񲿺úдսʹǰһ滤ͣһֱ͵߽ͣ

***

Щһ㶼ûţԴǴ֮û¾ʹһѾС˳ȥ²Ͱˮԭسǹ˸顣

һգͷСͣЪһᣬ³ȥתƣæµȺ

æµжģװģģ´ģչ˷㣬ɻȺڲԶʯͷ̲ϳԸֻ˼ۣͻȻðһ󵨵뷨




51.     ƺˡ

뷨ʵܼ򵥡
Ҫ꣡
̲ͷ, һ˲Ҫʲôʳ

ɻûжʱԷʳķʺϡ
ȴ⽿ʼ

뵽ͻȻеЦ, ʮʱǴ̯ʼģִʼ䶼ࡣ

ʷĳֵһ, ֽſʼˡ

˵ɾ͸ɣȥͿʼ, 

ڶ, һݺ, ɳ, Ŵ׳ȥá

·Ͼ˵, ˴ȥһʱү, һˣһֱ˵ﱸ, ⼸һֱûү£

ǰλׯ, Ͷ֮侹˴, ̾ʮĺøжȣǾС, ȹȻ

Ѿ߿裬¡

, ƻ⣬̰İǰݣ׳Ҳֱ̰ߵľϻᵽǰ¡

ӣЦ˵ү, 񸾵һС⣬Ҳʲôö񸾴ӾǴģרŸ˱һݣ£

үҪܾڣ˵үһ鸾ˣոչԺٲүӦ㱡ʵڲʲôԺֻҪүҪʲôһȫϣ£

үһϿңûپܾ£ҾˣԺʲôҪæģ;˵

Цŵͷ֪үǸù٣ΪүЩϰհҵ

˷ǳãͣİ֣һǫ飬ﶼЦݡ

֪ʱˡ
ԲģͷǵطӣһСŮ￪ܹЩ㣬ĸ˵õС˿԰ԼģҪйټӦһЩ

ү˲˵ҽ̡

һɫҲֱͦࡣ

ģȥͷˣ˺þãӶˣȴҲԷĵطͷÿҪ￪һݣܽ˳Է⣬ܵһݲҺڡ

һȶε绨СӣҪЩںǰݣôȫ

̿ڵ뷨Ǻ뷨ֻһ˼ңͷ¶϶಻㣡

Ǵ˾ôЩЦӯӯһС

ʱǻ壬ӵҪһҪݣǱһ֮԰żÿͷѲߣﱣǣɺã

۾ϲ񣬡̫лүˣһݣ

̽ס˳ΧҲſۣЦ˵Լˣʲôֱ˵

ѹˣԺÿҽɹ׸ˣǴѣ˿ǧ򲻸ҾܾңȻǲӦģ

̹һƬ̫˵ˣԼҲ˵ҲƷжˣ˵¶䣬Щˣɫˡ

ӱЩˣټоֹ壬ҲԸ

ŵʱ͸˳һصңְ̾ˡ

ȻүԸ̤̤ʵʵʼˡ
ʮʱ䣬ͷ࣬ݵӾ͸Ǻˡ

ǰǳԷһǳһ߷ĵط
ʮʱ䣬һ㶼ûţϦĻвѵϦĺڳæòǰ̨кˡ

һʼЩ־ܾЦ˵ɻ˶жĹǮ졣

⻰һƣĺϦﶼʼŹ⡣

Цſǣӵġ

ûиӰŶĻʱǱһҵҪţʱһС˸ڼҾͿԡ

ڵĸСˣ׳ĸһ¾ڼţȥæӡ

˶ǡ

̲ӭ˼ɣĶð죬ҪֵͽӣСĵ ôӦԡ

һϷռˣ֣ǧҪţҲҪţҪŲһˣἤͽӵĴ̼Цһף˳ƶ㿪赭д͹˴ţ㿴ҵļ綼үҲ㲻ɣ֮ԸȽϿʣʱ£ǧҪ£Ǽᱣ㡣

ղ۵ʱ򣬲Ƕˣ׳ĸæͷϻġ
һҪӣҪ£ϴ󲻵ðԼƤ

ÿ˶źְλƾ͸ԼѾߡ

ãͽ̴Һ棬ӣ⽣Ūڣ²˼²⣬Լܲ⣬˴⣬Լײ˷ڵȵȡ

Щ죬緹ͷϡˣϲǽӾҪô⽡

ŴҰÿֳʳ˺ü飬֤ζ

ζɿڣҲûг塣

ҵھͶũʮһգһ׼׵뿪ҵʣʱ䣬ô⼸춼úϢһ¡

׳ĸݣÿһȥǱ߿ȥ˷үѾǱţ̫үû˸ȥΡ

Ҳɻ࣬⼸һֱͣһ͸еƣϴϴˡ

Ժ˯ҹ¥ݵһȴۣһᣬ΢ĽŲ¥㷭׼˯

ƺˣֻһ˲䣬ŵһϤϢ




52.     û¥

һ˲, ﻹµģûӦ˾§, Ⱥ촽ġ

ӶˣΧĥɰţʹ, ǱǵصĿǶµĴ

ûƿɴסԼ, СŭǶǰôУ

紭, Ц, Ͷ, ۣ

û˵, ͷϣ˫˫, ǵ΢֮ǰȫûм֮˸һɶ, λһʱЪ

¥˯ĲԺֳƾȻ˯Լ, ̾;, Сţ, ˯ô죿Ҫ, ȥ

˵̾´ЬһסӷԸˣź򣡡

ʱ, ¥ϸ΢ӵ૿ģȴֶ񣬸µǣﻹӵͳòʮֲ˵ʲôҪȥ

ӿ϶УҪȥȻģ

˵ŶҪˣƼˣʹС˵˼֣˲סˣһʵ˵Ǹǽ

Ƶͷŵһ£Ҳ룬˽

ڸʲôڿޡ˵ֱ꣬ƵһԴϴ£˯ɣ϶͵ɶҲû

ǳ˺һᣬͻȻӦǸòڡ

Ƽʱס죬Ϲ̣͵ƻҰɫô£ӽԼɵʵʵΨһ㲻

ЦЦ͵ƣۼ˯

ӿĿأҹܹһ͸¡

治֪ʲôõģӶҪˣ

治Ǻ£



ʱѾսӣʶߣûˡ

ѵķ˸ܵüͷ΢ѣɱű˯á

һ뵽ĳˣϲԽ΢΢òһΣڣҪʹģ÷Ǳɢ˲ɡ

ţ˲¥ˣһ죬Ͻװ˯

¥ﻹ̣һ״̺һӡĵĴ룬ӣ໹ð

̷ϣȻǺЦңߵǰÿʡ

첲棬׻λӳ߽ƣ˵ĲӺӣ˿࣬˷

üһѹڴߣץסǸǸ첲ỽѣԷˡ

ˡ
Ȼڣˣ֮ǰʲôûʱӺܴ󣬻ϲʵ˳̹ѹ޷ֱ

ĵΣԽԽ졣

̲סڵôûߣ

翴ߵģҼȥ״Σ

粻˵ãһ˵ͽһµܳģǻ᲻ְᷢ᲻㲻ãҪһܰɣòã

ﶯݲѣһ۲ѣһѽڻļ򣬡ûе£ҪϹ룬ͳˣĶȥ㡣

˵㻰죬˵ֱ̹ġ

û¥£²

ж죬еİ˼ֽ

̹ģ

죬ƺӹɸɻһԼ¥Ʒȫóȥ죬ֻˮǲƶȥġ

һúöĲƾ˸Ƶģ¥ͺֱԼ䣬ڱϡ

ʵ̫ˣϴô򵥵鶼ҪǸߵģҲǵһμ

̫ģ̫ÿˣ

һŮĶˣ˵ˡ

ߺ죬˯綼ûƺü¥ȥУסˡ

̫ˣúЪЪ

˫ۣﶼǾȣʲô
һֱڴϣô

ƺһָţѽ㣬Ժ֪ˣڱȥӡ

ˡ˵Żƴսƶ˵֮ǰ˵ˣҪźӡ

Ƶͷǿ϶ģôãҲܺãǽ˵Ҳúźġ

̾ڰȥæˡ


һֱɵƻĲ񻰣˻һ㡣

ֻڴⲫ۳ʱųС˵дЩһ㶼š

Щ˵ŵģԼԾˡ

һʮһգʽҵ




53. [] ȫ   ƽ˾һ

ڼϢ, ûдҵ

һȥ׼ˣ˼ʱڽ˺ʽҵ

򵥲

һʱΧΧ, ͷ˶פۿö˿Ů˽ֲ², Ҳ˵ˣһӾЩ²˼

ڲƵк, ö˱һԵ̬Է, һԾͷ

ǰ;ʲô, , Ͳһ, Ȳʱ仹ʵݣڴæ·˵, úʣ

ǣԹ˿ڿഫ, һʱʹأǻƻ, õʳľˡ

ǿʵ׼ʳİ
ͳˣ

һ쿪ҵ, ˶̫ææҵ, һ˷ܵȶ

Ƽô죬, һӣţؼ׼ʳģ

æк滹ڵȴļ˿, Ц˵ǸΪ˰ǣû˷һС㡣

һѾȫӦ£Ӧ֡

ŵʱÿƴ΢Цӣο

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